Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750) Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht (Coffee Cantata), BWV 211 Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet (Peasant Cantata), BWV 212 The...
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750)
Schweigt stille, plaudert nicht (Coffee Cantata), BWV 211
Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet (Peasant Cantata), BWV 212
The career of Johann Sebastian Bach, the most illustrious of a
prolific musical family, falls neatly into three unequal parts. Born in 1685 in Eisenach,
from the age of ten Bach lived and studied music with his elder brother in Ohrdruf, alter
the death of both his parents. After a series of appointments as organist and briefly as a
court musician, he became, in 1708, court organist and chamber musician to Duke Wilhelm
Ernst of Weimar, the elder of the two brothers who jointly ruled the duchy. In 1714 he was
promoted to the position of Konzertmeister to the Duke, but in 1717, after a brief period
of imprisonment for his temerity in seeking to leave the Duke's service, he abandoned
Weimar to become Court Kapellmeister to Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Cothen, a position he
held until 1723. From then until his death in 1750 he lived in Leipzig, where he was
Thomaskantor, with responsibility for the music of the five principal city churches, in
1729 assuming direction of the university collegium musicum, founded by Telemann in 1702.
At Weimar Bach had been principally employed as an organist,
and his compositions of the period include a considerable amount written for the
instrument on which he was recognised as a virtuoso performer. At Cothen, where Pietist
traditions dominated the court, he had no church duties, and was responsible rather for
court music. The period brought the composition of a number of instrumental works. The
final 27 years of Bach's life brought a variety of preoccupations, and while his official
employment necessitated the provision of church music, he was able to provide music for
the university collegium musicum and to write or re-arrange a number of important works
for the keyboard.
The Coffee Cantata
and the Peasant Cantata both suggest the
kind of dramatic work Bach might have written had he been employed, like Telemann, in
Hamburg, where there was a tradition of opera. The first of these was written in Leipzig
in 1734 or 1735, using a text by Picander, the pseudonym of Christian Friedrich Henrici,
the author of texts for many of Bach's church cantatas. Henrici was a versatile writer and
poet. He had settled in Leipzig in 1720 and seven years later joined the local
administration as an official of the post office. He continued his career, which
culminated in 1740 with the positions of Assessment and liquor Tax Collector and Wine
Inspector. The Coffee Cantata was presumably
written for performance at one of the Friday evening meetings of the University collegium
musicum at Zimmerman's coffee-house in the Catherinenstrasse.
The fashion for drinking coffee had spread through Europe in
the second half of the seventeenth century. The nature and medicinal properties of the
drink had earlier been observed, not always with approval, by visitors to Turkey, but it
is said that Coffee and the croissant owed their later popularity to the relief of the
Siege of Vienna in 1683, when the retreating Ottoman armies left ample supplies of the
former. In Bach's Coffee Cantata, scored for
soprano, tenor and bass, with flute, strings and basso continuo, Schlendrian tries to cure
his daughter Liesgen of the habit of Coffee-drinking by threatening to prevent her
marrying until she desists. Liesgen secretly arranges that her future husband should
commit himself to allowing her to continue, in a secret prenuptial agreement. The opening
narrative is introduced by a tenor recitative, preceding Schlendrian's aria of complaint.
In an aria with a spirited flute obligato, Liesgen, his daughter, expresses her love of
coffee. Schlendrian, in his next aria, hits on a plan, which he announces in the following
recitative, to the apparent dismay of his daughter, expressed in her subsequent formal
aria, with its central contrasting section. The denouernent is left to a brief tenor
recitative, followed by a final chorus, accompanied by the flute, as well as the strings,
in which we are told that coffee-drinking is an ineradicable habit.
The burlesque Peasant
Cantata, Mer hahn en neue Oberkeet,
also uses words by Picander and honours the Leipzig chamberlain Carl Heinrich von Dieskau,
who, on 30th August, 1742, was installed as lord of the manor of Klein-Zschocher. Dieskau
had general oversight of taxes, so that Picander's light-hearted tribute was not entirely
pointless, in view of his own recent appointment.
The Peasant Cantata
opens with a mock overture, in which one disconnected episode follows another, played by
violin, viola and basso continuo. In the first duet the two villagers, in an attempt at
the dialect of Upper Saxony that Picander finds difficult to sustain, praise their new
master, who gives them beer, to a popular melody. Mieke, the woman, finds comfort in love,
in a song where coarse words are hardly matched by the melody of a polonaise. The man
pleads with the tax-collector for leniency in another polonaise. His wife, in the
following recitative, praises the lord of the manor and, to the sound of the popular
Spanish dance, La folia, declares him a
capable man. Indeed, her husband adds, the village has done well in the recent
conscription, and, Mieke suggests, similar influence might be exercised on the taxation
authorities. In an aria accompanied by violin and viola, she gives her views on
tell-tales. The man now turns his attention to their master's pious wife, over-careful
with money, since they have had to make a contribution of fifty thalers to the
celebration. Mieke, with flute obbligato, sings in honour of the chamberlain, and her
husband offers, in contrast, a more homely tribute, to the accompaniment of the
hunting-horn. She finds this open to criticism before such a fine audience, but sings her
own simple prayer for sons for the chamberlain. The man now counters with something he
regards as more sophisticated, in townsman's style, but offering the same sentiment. The
couple, their tribute completed, now go to the tavern, concluding with their wishes for
the prosperity and well-being of their overlord.
Failoni Chamber Orchestra
The Failoni Chamber Orchestra was founded in 1981 by members of
the Hungarian State Opera Orchestra. Under the leadership of the violinist Bela Nagy,
the orchestra has taken part in a number of important international festivals and in
Hungary only yields first place to the longer established Ferenc Liszt Chamber Orchestra.
The orchestra takes its name from the distinguished Italian conductor Sergio Failoni,
conductor of the Hungarian State Opera from 1928 until his death twenty years later.
Matyas Antal
Matyas Antal was born in 1945 into a family of musicians and
completed his training at the Ferenc Liszt Academy in Budapest as a flautist and a
conductor. In 1972, the year after his graduation, he joined the Hungarian State Orchestra
as a flautist, but in the last ten years has been principally employed as a conductor,
specialising initially in contemporary music. In 1984 he was appointed chorus-master of
the Budapest Choir and two years later became associate conductor of the Hungarian State
Orchestra. He appears frequently as a conductor in his native country as well as in East
and West Germany, Austria and Greece, and has made a number of recordings for Hungaroton.