Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) Sonata for Violin and Piano in A Major, Op. 30, No.1 Sonata for Violin and Piano in C Minor, Op. 30, No.2 Sonata for...
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827)
Sonata for Violin and Piano in A Major, Op. 30, No.1
Sonata for Violin and Piano in C Minor, Op. 30, No.2
Sonata for Violin and Piano in G Major, Op. 30, No.3
Ludwig van Beethoven's early musical training at home in Bonn had
provided him with some ability as a string player as well as with more
remarkable virtuosity on the keyboard. As a court musician, he followed his
inadequate father and his highly distinguished grandfather in the service of
the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, employed both as court organist and as a
viola-player. When he finally left Bonn for Vienna in 1792, it has been
suggested that he took violin lessons from Ignaz Schuppanzigh, a former
viola-player, six years Beethoven's junior, who had recently turned to the
violin and a professional career that was to be of some distinction.
Beethoven's memorandum book, at least, contains the note Schupp. 3
times a W., which others suppose a reference to Schuppanzigh's father, a
professor at the Realschule, who might have been recruited to help make up the
deficiencies in the young man's general education. He also received instruction
on the violin from Wenzel Krumpholtz, a former member of Haydn's orchestra at
Esterhaza, who had recently joined the Vienna court orchestra, a musician who
showed a rare early understanding of Beethoven's work as a composer.
Nevertheless his early career in Vienna was primarily as a pianist of
considerable virtuosity, a course of life limited from the turn of the century
by his deafness and by his growing prowess as a composer of the most remarkable
power and originality.
Beethoven's compositions for violin and piano cover a period from about
1790 until 1818. An early set of variations on a theme from Mozart's opera The
Marriage of Figaro and a Rondo were followed by the first complete violin and
piano sonatas, a set of three published in 1799 and composed during the course
of the preceding two years. The sonatas were dedicated to the Imperial
Kapellmeister Antonio Salieri, from whom Beethoven had sought lessons on his
first arrival in Vienna, acquiring from him a growing understanding of vocal
writing. While early lessons from Haydn were soon abandoned, the lessons with
Salieri, for which no charge was made, continued for at least ten years.
The three sonatas of Opus 30 were dedicated to Tsar Alexander I of
Russia and written in 1802, at a time when Beethoven was increasingly depressed
by ill health. The first of the sonatas, in the key of A major, originally
included the finale of the later Kreutzer Sonata. The first movement opens with
a genuine duet between violin and piano, while the second theme is entrusted
first to the keyboard. The slow movement is an expressive D major Adagio,
followed by a final theme and six variations, the contrapuntal fifth of them in
the key of A minor, before the final lilting Allegro.
The second sonata of the set, in the key of C minor, opens with a
rhythmic figure that assumes considerable importance in the movement. The
second theme, in E major, offers a sprightly contrast and material for the
later contrapuntal treatment. The A flat Adagio cantabile is characteristic of
Beethoven in its singing quality, an aspect of his keyboard-playing that was
much admired by contemporaries. There is a lively C major Scherzo and a canonic
Trio that Haydn might have approved. The last movement explores a wide range of
the keyboard, with a gruff principal theme in C major, the key in which the
sonata ends.
The third of the Opus 30 violin sonatas, in G major, opens with a
dramatic figure played together by violin and piano, a brief introduction to a
snatch of melody, seized upon by the violin and extended. Unexpectedly the
second subject is in D minor, followed by a D major conclusion to the
exposition, a brief development that makes much of the opening figure and a
final recapitulation. The second movement, in E flat, is marked at the speed of
a Minuet. It opens with a singing melody played by the piano, followed by the
violin and later undergoing various gentle metamorphoses. The final movement, a
lively moto perpetuo, may sometimes remind us of Haydn, a composer from whom
Beethoven, his pupil, churlishly claimed to have learned nothing. There is an
initial contrast between the rapid notes of the piano and the melody introduced
above it by the violin. From this material much of the rest of the movement is
derived.
Takako Nishizaki
Takako Nishizaki is one of Japan's finest violinists. After studying
with her father, Shinji Nishizaki, she became the first student of Shinichi
Suzuki, the creator of the famous Suzuki Method of violin teaching for
children. Subsequently she went to Japan's famous Toho School of Music, and to
the Juilliard School in the United States, where she studied with Joseph Fuchs.
Takako Nishizaki is one of the most frequently recorded violinists in
the world today. She has recorded ten volumes of her complete Fritz Kreisler
Edition, many contemporary Chinese violin concertos, among them the Concerto by
Du Ming-xin, dedicated to her, and a growing number of rare, previously
unrecorded violin concertos. For Naxos she has recorded Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mozart's Violin Concertos, Sonatas by Mozart and
Beethoven and the Mendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Bruch and Brahms
Concertos.
Jeno Jando
Jeno Jando was born at Pecs, in south Hungary , in 1952. He started to
learn the piano when he was seven and later studied at the Ferenc Liszt Academy
of Music under Katalin Nemes and pal Kadosa, becoming assistant to the latter
on his graduation in 1974. Jando has won a number of piano competitions in
Hungary and abroad, including first prize in the 1973 Hungarian Piano Concours
and a first prize in the chamber music category at the Sydney International
Piano Competition in 1977. He is currently engaged in a project to record all
Mozart's piano concertos for Naxos. Other recordings for the Naxos label
include the concertos of Grieg and Schumann as well as Rachmaninov's Second Concerto and Paganini Rhapsody and Beethoven's complete
piano sonatas.