ANTONIN DVORAK (1841-1904): Serenade for Wind
LEOS JANACEK (1854-1928): Mladi
GEORGE ENESCU (1881-1955): Dixtuor
Familiar as much of the music of Antonin Dvotak is in
both the concert hall and on recordings, the Wind Serenade is one of his
more unjustly neglected works on disc, falling in the shadow as it does of the
much better known Serenade for Strings. Despite this, it is one of Dvotak's
sunniest and most delightful compositions.
Born in the Bohemian part of the Habsburg Empire in 1841,
Dvotak was to become one of the great nationalist composers of the Czech lands
in the nineteenth century, the years when his compatriots were trying to
establish their own national identity away from the dominant Germanic school of
composition, His music is filled with folk themes, joyful celebrations of his
homeland and sometimes sad longing for that mixture of emotions which seems to
represent the
Slavonic spirit of his people, As well as that, there is often
an elegance derived from the influence of Mozart and Schubert, very apparent in
the Serenade.
Dvotak's life was mainly a fairly contented existence
despite the upheavals of nineteenth century history taking place around him.
Nowadays he is chiefly remembered internationally for his later symphonies and
chamber works and the valedictory Cello Concerto which he composed,
together with the famous New World Symphony and his fairy-tale
opera Rusalka, towards the end of his life.
The Wind Serenade dates from 1878, just two years before
his sunny Sixth Symphony with which it shares many of its qualities. The
work opens with a march suggesting all the pomp of the local village bands that
Dvotak knew so well. This is followed by a Minuetto, a title that
betrays the homage to the rococo wind serenade and to Mozart, although the
piece owes as much to a triple time Bohemian folk-dance as it does to the
classical court dance A flowing Andante makes up the third movement
before the Allegro molto finale rounds off the work with a return to the
opening theme.
The Romanian composer George Enescu was very different
from Dvorak. The quintessentially Czech nature of Dvorak's music has no real
parallels here;
Enescu was more of an internationalist and spent most of
his time as a performer rather than a composer, beconting a well known Bach
specialist both as a conductor and as an acclaimed violinist. His life-span of nearly
75 years produced only 32 opus-numbered works and a handful of juvenilia. Born
in 1881 in the Romanian town of Liveni Vima, he spent much of his time abroad
and died in Paris in 1955.
Apart from his own recordings as conductor and soloist,
his most important works are his symphonies and the opera Oedipe.
Although his output is small, he is still considered to be the founder of
modern Romanian music.
If Dvorak's Serenade reflects the elegance of the rococo
genre, then it is easy to see the influence of Bach in Enescu's Dixtuor.
The three movements are scored for ten wind instruments as is the Dvorak but
there is a more international feeling about the music despite a nod to the
pipes of the composer's native Romania in the final part. The Dixtuor
received its first performance in Paris in 1906.
The music of JanaCek is nowadays widely played and his
operas are some of the staple elements of international theatres, yet, this was
not always the case.
It is not too long ago that his declamatory style and odd
rhythms put him in the class of 'difficult' composers. That much of his music
is vocal or operatic and written in the Czech language meant problems at least linguistically
in exporting his works. Janacek was not just an optimist, but also a patriot
for the Czechoslovak cause and a dedicated pan-slavist and admirer of Russian
culture.
Born in 1854 in Hukvaldy in Moravia, the fifth of the
nine children of the local schoolteacher, Jan3Cek is remarkable in not having
reached his musical maturity until the composition of his opera Jenufa
which took him nine years to write between 1894 and 1903 and which, although
performed in Brno in 1904, made
JanaCek's fortune only when it opened in Prague in 1916.
The major works of his maturity now streamed from his pen as he found love,
albeit unreciprocated, late in his life with the young Kamila Stosslova to whom
he wrote over 700 letters.
One of the products of this genuinely new-found youth was
the wind sextet Mladi (Youth) written for his own seventieth birthday in
July 1924, only four years before his death, The piece is consciously based on
the composer's own youth when he was a chorister in Brno and pupil of Pavel Krizkovsky
and in the third movement, Vivace, it quotes from his March of the
Blue Boys. The Moravian folk melodies of the work's four movements come
from the area of Janacek's birth and have a melodic quality not found in all of
the composer's music. Beginning with an Allegro in Rondo form,
there follows a slow movement theme and variations in D flat. Then comes the Blue
Boys March with its echoes of the composer's own youth and finally the Allegro
animato returns to the opening themes of the work.
David Doughty