Percy Grainger (1882-1961) The Power of Love Percy Aldridge Grainger was a musician of unusual breadth and vision whose interests encompassed Aboriginal to...
Percy Grainger
(1882-1961)
The Power of Love
Percy Aldridge Grainger was a musician of unusual breadth and vision
whose interests encompassed Aboriginal to Zulu music by way of twelfth-century
part-songs, Javanese gamelan orchestras, folk-song collecting from Britain,
Scandinavia and the Pacific Islands and composers ranging from Bach and Dowland
to Duke Ellington, Gershwin and Richard Strauss. Born in Brighton, a suburb of
the Australian city of Melbourne on 8th July, 1882, he was christened George
Percy Grainger and was brought up and tutored mainly by his mother Rose. At the
age of ten he gave his first public recital. Three years later, he and his
mother sailed for Europe where the young Grainger enrolled at the Hoch
Conservatorium in Frankfurt, Germany. From here mother and son travelled to
England, and settled in London between 1901 and 1914. During this productive
period, Grainger's life as a concert pianist blossomed. In 1905 Grainger
attended lectures given by Lucy Broadwood of the Folk-Song Society and these
spurred him into frenzied activity as a collector in his own right. His first
compositions were experimental in nature, works for huge orchestras and unusual
combinations of instruments are to be found amongst these, but he subsequently
modified his style in the popular British Folk-Music Settings and Room-Music
Tit Bits. At the outbreak of World War I, Grainger and his mother left for
America where he settled until his death in 1961. The ever-green and
ever-popular Country Gardens (BFMS No.22) dates from Grainger's period
in the U.S. army in which he, in spite of his pacifist convictions, happily
enlisted as a bandsman. He improvised on the tune at a Liberty Loan piano
recital and its instant popularity when published, secured Grainger a never-ending
flow of royalties. Inevitably it overshadowed his other works, which caused the
composer much disquiet. The orchestral version recorded here was made by Adolf
Schmidt.
Grainger's love of folk-song led him to Denmark, where, with the veteran
Danish folklorist, Evald Tang Kristensen he collected material between 1922 and
1927. From this, Grainger put together his Danish Folk-Song Suite. The
four movements which make up this suite are The Power of Love, which
tells of a young girl whose clandestine lover is set upon by her seven
brothers, all of whom he kills. Returning to the girl, he asks if she still
loves him, to which she answers: 'Even had you killed my old father as well, I
would still follow you.' The second movement, Lord Peter's Stable-Boy is
a sturdy dance-song which tells the story of Little Kirsten who dons male
attire because she wants to be a courtier at the Dane-King's castle. She asks
for employment as a stable-boy. The royal court is much taken aback when, nine
years later, this stable-boy gives birth to twins. The Nightingale and the
Two Sister, is based on two Danish folk-songs. The Nightingale is,
in reality a maiden who has been bewitched by the spells of her wicked
stepmother. A knight captures the nightingale who, in due course, manages to
break the spell. The Two Sisters unfolds a dark story about the elder
sister who pushes her younger sister into the water and lets her drown, because
she has fallen in love with the man to whom her younger sister is betrothed.
Two fiddlers find the corpse and make fiddle-string from her hair and during
their playing at the elder sister's wedding the fiddle-strings tell of the
murder, and the murderess is then burnt alive. The final movement Jutish
Medley, is a succession of tunes collected in Jutland. These are Choosing
the Bride, which voices a lover's dilemma in choosing between two
sweethearts, one rich, one poor; The Dragoon's Farewell, in which a
dragoon sings a heartfelt song before setting out for the wars; The
Shoemaker from Jerusalem, a very archaic religious song and finally a
quarrelling duet Hubby and Wifey, in which the wife brings her
obstreperous husband to his senses by means of a spinning spindle skilfully
applied to his head. At this point Grainger ingeniously combines with and repeats
the opening tune of the medley.
Colonial Song (Sentimental No 1) is Grainger's attempt at writing a
song in which he wished to express feelings aroused by thoughts of the scenery
and people of his native country, as Stephen Foster's songs are typical of
rural America Grainger endows his rich melody with a folk-song-like flexibility
adding countermelodies, inner harmonies and a myriad of harmonic digressions.
Irish Tune from County Derry (BFMS No. 15) is a tune collected by Miss Jane
Ross, of New Town, Limacady, Co. Derry and printed in The Petrie Collection
of the Ancient Music of Ireland. Grainger's original setting was for
unaccompanied mixed chorus (1902). The string setting dates from 1913 and like Country
Gardens, Grainger's arrangement of the melody widened its popularity.
Green Bushes is a passacaglia on an English folk-song
collected in Somerset by Cecil Sharp. Originally scored for small orchestra in
1905-06, the version recorded here is the 1921 re-scoring. With the exception
of a momentary break, the Green Bushes tune is heard constantly
throughout the piece to which Grainger adds a multitude of original
counter-melodies. The innovation of using folk-song in passacaglia form was a
first in British music and Grainger avers that this led Delius to write his Brigg
Fair and Dance Rhapsodies in a similar manner.
Ye Banks and Braes
0' Bonnie Doon (BFMS
No. 31) is a traditional Scottish tune originally called The Caledonian
Hunt's Delight, to which Robert Bums added words. In Grainger's original choral
setting, the score calls for whistlers. Here in the orchestral version the
whistling parts are played by high strings. Grainger's fondness for whistling
stems from his mother's Swedish masseur, Sigurd Fornander, a virtuoso of the
art.
Shepherd's Hey! (BFMS No. 16) is Grainger's own orchestral setting of
an English Morris tune collected by Cecil Sharp and given to Grainger around 1908.
The tune is akin to the North English air The Keel Row and variants of
it are found throughout England. Grainger makes use of four variants of the
tune to which he adds stylistically authentic counter-lines derived from the
melody. The 'Hey' of the title refers to a particular type of dance-step
associated with Morris dancing.
My Robin is to the Greenwood Gone (OBMP No. 2) is a development of a fragment of
the old English tune (not a folk-song) from William Chappell's collection of Old
English Popular Music. Grainger's 'ramble' (as he called it) is an
extension of the melody which he harmonizes with lush chromaticism. The other-worldliness
of this piece has some affinities with the music of Delius. Grainger dedicated
this arrangement to his friend, Roger Quilter with the Maori inscription: Mo
te hoa takatapui.
To a Nordic Princess (Bridal Song) is one of Grainger's more extended works
and its first performance took place at a concert in the Hollywood Bowl in
August 1928. It was performed by the largest orchestra ever to have played
there (126 players) and was conducted by the composer as the concluding item on
the programme, and as a prelude to his marriage to Ella Viola Strom, the
dedicatee of the piece. The brief wedding ceremony was witnessed by an
estimated audience of between 15,000 and 20,000. In mood and type the piece is
in effect a lengthy 'ramble', a much-loved form of Grainger's, and here the
composer's love of Nordic expression is given full expression. The opening
begins gently and gradually swells gathering in tonal strength until, about
halfway through, the opening theme is blazoned forth by the full orchestra. An
agitated climax melts into a quieter and more tender mood and a brief passing
quotation from The Swan by Saint-Saens is heard before a bell sounds to
bring the work to an end.