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In Memoriam - Music for Solemn Occasions

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In Memoriam - Music for Solemn Occasions

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In Memoriam Music when soft voices die Vibrates in the memory The present collection of solemn music offers works that give expression to deeper emotions,...

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In Memoriam

Music when soft voices die

Vibrates in the memory

The present collection of solemn music offers works that give expression to deeper emotions, associated, in some cases, with death, and in others simply with moments of calm and serenity .The first of these is a March taken from Henry Purcell's Music on the Death of Queen Mary. This heartfelt music was intended to mark the death of the English Queen whose marriage had brought her husband William of Orange to share the throne of England, after the expulsion in 1689 of her father King James II. Her patronage was of value to musicians, but, ironically, Purcell's music for the death of the Queen in 1694 came shortly before his own death in 1695.

In London Handel was much influenced by Purcell, at least when it came to English church music. Bom in Halle in 1685, he had found employment at the opera in Hamburg before moving to Italy, where he continued in the Italian melodic style of writing before finding employment at court in Hanover and, almost at once, lucrative work in London as a composer of Italian opera. Of this the opera Serse is an example. Handel's Largo allows the king of the title, Xerxes, to contemplate the beauty of nature. Handel later turned his attention to English oratorio, of which he may be considered the creator. The Dead March from the biblical oratorio Saul marks the death of the King, the fall of the mighty in battle, slain with his son Jonathan, to be mourned by David, his successor.

Music of great serenity comes from Johann Sebastian Bach, notably in the famous Air from the Orchestral Suite in D major, popularly known as the Air on the G string from an arrangement by the violinist August Wilhelm. The calm and peace of Bach's organ music is heard in the Adagio from his Toccata, Adagio and Fugue in C major and the tranquil happiness of the blessed in a transcription of a cantata movement, known in English as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring.

Bach's near contemporaries include three distinguished composers from Venice, musicians whose work influenced Bach and which he even transcribed. His arrangements for harpsichord include aversion of Alessandro Marcello's splendid Oboe Concerto, the slow movement of which is heard here in its original version. Antonio Vivaldi, a great violinist and most prolific composer, is here represented by a pensive slow movement from a concerto for flautino, the smallest member of the recorder family, while Albinoni, with rather less justification, appears nominally at least in a moving Adagio that owes its origin rather to the twentieth century Albinoni scholar Renzo Giazotto.

The Baroque leads imperceptibly into the classical, by way of Christoph Willibald von Gluck, innovator in opera and an important figure in the theatres of Vienna and Paris. Gluck's opera on the subject of the legendary musician Orpheus, who tried to bring back his beloved Eurydice from the dead, includes the Dance of the Blessed Spirits, music for those who have died, yet suffer no more.

The nineteenth century brings changes in manners and outlook. At its start Ludwig van Beethoven dominates the music of Vienna, gigantic in his musical aspirations, and never more so in a symphony conceived in celebration of the republican Napoleon, its dedication discarded when Napoleon declared himself Emperor. The slow movement of the Eroica Symphony, in memory of a great man, although Napoleon was at the height of his career when it was written, is a funeral march. This movement may be heard as the apotheosis of the funeral march, music of infinite grandeur in its solemn purpose.

The Polish romantic composer and pianist Fryderyk Chopin followed Beethoven, at least, in the inclusion of a funeral march movement in his Piano Sonata No.2, here transcribed for orchestra. It remains among the most familiar of such works.

Later romantic music of sadness is heard in the Swedish composer Hugo A1fven. His Elegy is taken from incidental music for Nordstrom's play on the life of the great Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus ll. The Scandinavian elegaic mood recurs poignantly enough in Grieg's Last Spring, music of great emotional intensity.

A French contemporary, Leon Boellmann, in the course of his short life, won a reputation as a composer and organist. His most famous organ composition, the Suite Gothique, written in 1895, two years before his death at the age of thirty-five, contains the moving and heartfelt Priere (Prayer).

Disc 1

March and Canzona in C minor, Z. 860

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Composed by: Henry Purcell
Conducted by: Jeremy Summerly
Laurence Cummings, harpsichord

March - 1:29

Serse (Xerxes), HWV 40 (arr. for organ)

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Composed by: Anonymous George Frideric Handel
Donald Dumler, organ
Bertalan Hock, oboe
Luc Beausejour, harpsichord
Martin Souter, piano

Serse (Xerxes), HWV 40: Ombra mai fu (Largo) - 5:25

Overture (Suite) No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068

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Performed by: Wroclaw Chamber Orchestra Leopoldinum Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra Cantilena BBC Symphony Orchestra Cologne Chamber Orchestra Concertgebouw Orchestra Moscow Chamber Orchestra Capella Istropolitana London Philharmonic Orchestra NBC Symphony Orchestra Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra Oregon Bach Festival Orchestra Academy of St. Martin in the Fields Orchestra New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra Studio orchestra German Bach Soloists
Composed by: Johann Sebastian Bach Pablo Casals Arturo Toscanini
Conducted by: Karol Teutsch Willem Mengelberg Jaroslav Krecek Oliver Dohnanyi Jaroslav Dvorak Richard Edlinger Helmut Muller-Bruhl Leonard Slatkin Jeanne Lamon Iona Brown Helmuth Rilling Wilhelm Furtwangler Bernard Labadie Adrian Shepherd Constantine Orbelian Gunar Letzbor Don Jackson
Alexander Jablokov, violin
Nicole Trotier,
Takako Nishizaki, violin
Helmut Winschermann, oboe
Recording date: January - March 1989

Air from Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1069 - 5:59

Orfeo ed Euridice

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Composed by: Christoph Willibald Gluck
Nora Mercz, harp
Janos Balint, flute
Nora Shulman, flute

Dance of the Blessed Spirits from Orfeo ed Euridice - 2:49

Flautino Concerto in C major , RV 443 (arr. for organ)

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Composed by: Antonio Vivaldi
Bertalan Hock, oboe

Largo from Flautino Concerto in C major, RV 443 - 4:57

Piano Sonata No. 2 in B flat minor, Op. 35, "Funeral March" (arr. P. Breiner)

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Performed by: Razumovsky Sinfonia Razumovsky Symphony Orchestra
Composed by: Peter Breiner Fryderyk Chopin
Conducted by: Alfred Eschwe

Marche funebre - 8:49

Adagio in G minor (arr. R. Giazotto)

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Composed by: Tomaso Giovanni Albinoni Remo Giazotto
Bertalan Hock, oboe

Adagio in G minor - 8:18

Gustav II Adolf, Op. 49

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Performed by: Iceland Symphony Orchestra Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra
Composed by: Hugo Alfven
Conducted by: Okko Kamu Petri Sakari

Elegy from Gustavus Adolphus Suite, Op. 49 - 5:19

Saul, HWV 53

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Performed by: Razumovsky Sinfonia English Chamber Orchestra Frankfurt Baroque Orchestra Capella Leopoldina
Composed by: George Frideric Handel
Conducted by: Charles Mackerras Alfred Eschwe Joachim Carlos Martini
Jorg Zwicker, cello

Dead March - 2:16

Suite gothique, Op. 25

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Composed by: Leon Boellmann
Ian Tracey, choirmaster
Bertalan Hock, oboe
Michael Austin, organ
Simon Lindley, organ

Priere a Notre-Dame from Suite Gothique - 4:45

Oboe Concerto in D minor

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Performed by: Cologne Chamber Orchestra Budapest Ferenc Erkel Chamber Orchestra Capella Istropolitana Tafelmusik Baroque Orchestra
Composed by: Heinz Holliger Alessandro Marcello
Conducted by: Richard Edlinger Helmut Muller-Bruhl Jeanne Lamon
Andrea Mion, oboe
Jozef Cejka, oboe
Christian Hommel, oboe
Jozsef Kiss, oboe
John Abberger, oboe
Stefan Schilli, oboe
Rinaldo Alessandrini, harpsichord

Adagio from Oboe Concerto in D minor - 4:48

Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147 (arr. for organ)

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Composed by: Anonymous Johann Sebastian Bach
Douglas Major, organ
Fenner Douglass, organ
Vincent Boucher, organ
Eteri Andjaparidze, piano
Bertalan Hock, oboe
Michael Austin, organ
Todd Wilson, organ
Georges Athanasiades, organ
Recording date: 15-18 December 1992

Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring - 3:49

2 Elegiac Melodies, Op. 34 (version for orchestra)

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Performed by: Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra, Kosice Iceland Symphony Orchestra Capella Istropolitana Oslo Camerata English Chamber Orchestra Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Boston Symphony Orchestra Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra
Composed by: Edvard Grieg Sergey Koussevitzky
Conducted by: Frederik IX (King of Denmark) Stephan Barratt-Due Bjarte Engeset Stephen Gunzenhauser Geoffrey Simon Adrian Leaper Herbert Kegel
Recording date: April 1989

Last Spring, Op. 34 - 4:18

Symphony No. 3 in E flat major, Op. 55, "Eroica"

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Performed by: Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra Symphony Nova Scotia Berlin Deutsches Symphony Orchestra Nicolaus Esterhazy Sinfonia Saarbrucken Radio Symphony Orchestra Belgian Radio and Television Philharmonic Orchestra Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra London Philharmonic Orchestra NBC Symphony Orchestra CSR Symphony Orchestra, Bratislava Montreal Metropolitan Orchestra Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra Philharmonia Orchestra Royal Philharmonic Orchestra Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra Ensemble Orchestral de Paris
Composed by: Stanislaw Skrowaczewski Hans Pfitzner Ludwig van Beethoven Arturo Toscanini
Conducted by: Herbert von Karajan Frederik IX (King of Denmark) Gunter Wand Rudolf Kempe Otto Klemperer Bertrand de Billy Bela Drahos Michael Halasz John Nelson Alexander Rahbari Georg Tintner Joseph Rescigno Wilhelm Furtwangler Felix Weingartner Herbert Kegel Alfred Scholz
Recording date: 28 October 1939

Marcia funebre - 13:59

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