Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition / Boris Godunov
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Symphonic transcriptions by Leopold Stokowski One of the reasons Leopold Stokowski decided to make his own orchestral version of Mussorgsky's Night on Bare...
Symphonic transcriptions by Leopold Stokowski
One of the reasons Leopold Stokowski decided to make his
own orchestral version of Mussorgsky's Night on Bare
Mountain was to get closer to the original, bolder and wilder
version, as opposed to Rimsky-Korsakov's cleaner,
westernized revision. In fact, Stokowski's version is
actually close to Rimsky-Korsakov's in content and form,
while faithful to the original Mussorgsky in the
orchestration. The 1940 Disney film was a perfect vehicle
for Stokowski's grandiose vision of the work. Mussorgsky
worked on it in one way or another throughout his short life.
In 1866 it was his first large-scale orchestral work, St John's
Night on the Bare Mountain based on Gogol's story St
John's Eve (twenty years later Rimsky-Korsakov made his
famous revision and orchestration). Mussorgsky had been
commissioned to write an opera based on a drama by
Mengden, called The Witch, and while he never fulfilled the
commission, the motives he sketched for it were used
several times, finally as a choral piece in one of his last,
unfinished operas, Mlada. This composite project would
have employed several composers, Rimsky-Korsakov,
Borodin, Cui, Minkus and Mussorgsky, but this
collaborative effort never quite materialized. But this
Witches' Sabbath music haunted Mussorgsky, perhaps
because he never heard a performance of his orchestral
version during his lifetime. Mussorgsky also used these
motives in his last stage work, the comic opera The Fair at
Sorochintsï, from 1877.
Stokowski's version of the Khovanshchina fragment
transforms it into a moving, heart-breaking statement. His
own words, printed in the published score, say it best:
Of all the inspired music of Mussorgsky, this is one
of the most eloquent in its intensity of expression. A
man is going to his execution. He has fought for
freedom - but failed. We hear the harsh tolling of
bells, the gradual unfolding of a dark and tragic
melody, with under-currents of deep agitated
tones, all painted with somber timbres and
poignant harmonies.
St. John's Night on Bald Mountain, "A Night on the Bare Mountain" (arr. L. Stokowski) (more info)
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A Night on Bare Mountain (arr. L. Stokowski) - 9:17
Khovanshchina (more info)
Performed by:
Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra
Sofia National Opera Orchestra
Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra
Ukraine National Symphony Orchestra
Toronto Symphony Orchestra
Kirov Opera Orchestra
Studio orchestra
Russia Philharmonia
Composed by:
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
Conducted by:
Theodore Kuchar
Boris Khaikin
Jose Serebrier
Andrew Davis
Kenneth Jean
Alexander Vedernikov
Constantine Orbelian
Atanas Margaritov
Mikhail Gubsky, tenor
Boris Freidkov, bass
Ivan Nechayev, tenor
Vladimir Ulyanov, tenor
Ivan Shaskov, baritone
Yakov Mishenko, tenor
Lavrenty Yaroshenko, bass
Vasily Tikhi, tenor
Ivan Yashugin, bass
Sofya Preobrazhenskaya, mezzo-soprano
Nina Serval, soprano
Valentina Volokitina, soprano
Pavel Andreyev, bass-baritone
Dmitri Hvorostovsky, baritone
Nicola Ghiuselev, bass
Vladimir Matorin,
Elena Manistina,
Vladimir Atlantov, bass
Marina Domashenko, mezzo-soprano
Dimitar Petkov, bass
Todor Kostov, tenor
Alexandrina Milcheva, mezzo-soprano
Maria Dimchevska, soprano
Najejda Dobrianova, soprano
Ljubomir Bodourov, tenor
Dimiter Dimitrov, bass
Stoyan Popov, baritone
Verter Vrachovsky, tenor
Milen Paounov, tenor
Stefan Elenkov, bass
Nedelcho Pavlov, bass
Mark Reizen, bass
Nadezhda Obukhova, mezzo-soprano
Vladimir Krasov, baritone
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Khovanshchina, Act IV: Entr'acte (arr. L. Stokowski) - 5:25
Boris Godunov: A Symphonic Synthesis (arr. L. Stokowski) (more info)
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A Symphonic Synthesis (arr. L. Stokowski) - 24:21:00
Pictures at an Exhibition (arr. L. Stokowski) (more info)
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Promenade - 2:04
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Gnomus - 2:21
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Promenade - 1:10
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Il vecchio castello (The Old Castle) - 3:39
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Bydlo [A Polish Ox-Wagon] - 2:40
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Promenade - 1:03
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Ballet de poussins dans leurs coques (Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks) - 1:16
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Samuel Goldenberg and Schmuyle - 2:40
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Catacombs - Sepulchrum Romanum; Con mortuis in lingua mortua - 3:44
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La cabane sur des pattes de poule - Baba Yaga (The Hut on Fowl's Legs) - 2:58
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La grande porte de Kiev (The Great Gate of Kiev) - 5:15
2 Morceaux, Op. 10 (arr. L. Stokowski) (more info)
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Humoresque, Op. 10, No. 2 (trans. L. Stokowski) - 2:11
Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Op. 74, "Pathetique" (more info)
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Solitude [Again, as before, alone], Op. 73, No. 6 (trans. L. Stokowski) - 3:26
Traditional Slavic Christmas Music (more info)
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Traditional Slavic Christmas Music - 3:18