Vitezslav Novak
(1870 -1949)
Serenade in F
Major, Op. 9
Serenade in D
Major, Op. 36
Vitezslav Novak
was born in Kamenice nad Lipou in South Bohernia in
1870. The death of his father, a doctor, led to financial difficulties in the
family but removal to Jindrichuv Hradec (Neuhaus) brought him a sound enough
education and the start of musical training, in spite of his earlier objections
to the subject. A scholarship allowed him, in 1889, to enter the Charles University in Prague
as a student of law and philosophy, while making use of much of his time for
parallel study at the Conservatory, where he studied the piano under Jiranek
and harmony under Knittl, a teacher who took early objection to Novak's
innovative tendencies. A scholarship supported him as a member of Dvorak's
composition master-class, an important influence on his music. Dvorak was of
practical help when it came to the publication of Novak's early compositions by
Simrock. In these early years he developed an interest in regional folk-music,
particularly during a visit to Walachia and in visits to Janacek's Moravia and to Slovakia. The landscape and the music found there
had a strong effect on his own creative inspiration and he began to win a
reputation for himself as a composer with his symphonic poem In the Tatra
Mountains and Slovak Suite, written in 1902 and 1903 respectively.
In the years after
the death of Dvorak, Novak found himself occupying a position of particular
distinction in the musical life of the country, reaching a height of public
recognition in his appointment as professor of the composition master-class at
Prague Conservatory in 1909 and a year later in his election to the Czech Academy. As a teacher he was responsible for an
important generation of Czech and Slovak composers, including Alois Haba,
Suchon and Cikker. His popularity as a composer, however, diminished, as
younger composers turned more to the innovative influences of Vienna, and only revived with the patriotic mood that
dominated Czechoslovakia under the threat and actuality of German
occupation. He died in 1949.
The style of
Novak's music was essentially influenced by Dvorak and by folk-music, the
spirit of which he absorbed. Other early influences might be found in Liszt, Grieg
and Tchaikovsky, as well as in the work of Richard Strauss and Brahms.
Nevertheless from these varied early influences he forged his own style,
demonstrably Czech and equally individual, romantic, colourful and lyrical, at
times looking back to earlier forms.
Novak's Serenade
in F major, Opus 9, was completed in 1895. Like the later Serenade in D
major it is scored for a small orchestra. In the opening the music
reflects the beauty and tranquillity of a summer landscape, over which hardly a
cloud passes, an extended idyll. A lilting dance opens the second movement,
contrasted with a trio section in which the dance is for the moment forgotten,
only to return in conclusion. The third movement, marked initially Andante
tranquillo, starts more ominously, before moving into a mood of happier. tranquillity,
with mounting lyrical intensity that gently subsides before a central section,
marked Allegretto grazioso, before the return of the music of the
opening of the movement. There is a slow and evocative introduction to the
fourth movement, before a livelier spirit is briefly released in music that
makes fruitful use of the resources of the small orchestra, as it proceeds from
mood to mood, recalling with contentment what has passed.
The Serenade in
D major, Opus 36, was written in 1905. The titles of the four
movements indicate the musical content, the opening Praeludium a gentle
introduction to music of tender lyricism. It is followed by a Serenata, with
suggestions of melancholy in its principal melody, belied by its affirmative
ending. The woodwind introduce the third movement Notturno, music that
grows in power, dying away into the night. A necessary contrast is provided in
the final Allegro capriccioso, with its immediate fugal suggestions in
the swirling rhythm of a tarantella, relaxing into a less active and more
pensive mood before the dance recaptures a measure of its original vigour,
although all ends in peace and serenity .