Franz Schubert (1797 - 1828) String Trio in B flat major, D. 581 Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (The Traut) Franz Schubert was born in Vienna in 1797, the...
Franz Schubert (1797 - 1828)
String Trio in B flat major, D. 581
Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (The Traut)
Franz Schubert was born in Vienna in 1797, the son of a schoolmaster, who had
moved from Neudorf in Bohemia to join his brother in the same profession in the
imperial capital. Schubert's mother, who was to give birth to fourteen children,
of whom five survived, had been in domestic service in Vienna, where her father,
a locksmith, had moved to avoid creditors in his native Silesia. Prom her he and
his brothers seem to have inherited musical abilities, encouraged by their
father, an amateur cellist.
As a child Schubert was able to take part in family quartet-playing, while
his obvious gifts as a musician allowed him to become a choirboy in the Imperial
Chapel, a position that brought the privilege of a sound education at the
Staatskonvikt. At school he was a leading member of the orchestra, gaining some
familiarity with the standard repertoire of the time. At the same time he was
given a good general musical education and was able for some time to continue
lessons with the old Court Kapellmeister Antonio Salieri, from whom Beethoven
had earlier sought instruction.
When his voice broke in 1812, Schubert was offered a scholarship that would
have allowed him to complete his general education, but at the expense of his
increasingly exclusive musical interests. He chose not to take the opportunity
and left the Konvikt to study for a year at the Normal School for the training
of teachers, thereafter serving briefly and intermittently as an assistant in
his father's establishment, an obvious family obligation.
Schubert was never to occupy any official musical position in Vienna, nor did
he ever have at his disposal the kind of forces that Beethoven, for example,
could muster, with the aid of his aristocratic and royal patrons. Schubert's
life was passed with a circle of friends, with one or other of whom he from time
to time lodged, to return, when occasion arose, to his father's schoolhouse.
Much of w hat he w rote was designed specifically for performance at evening
parties, informal concerts held in his friends' houses. It was only towards the
end of his life that publishers began to show an increased interest in his
music. Schubert died in 1828, as a result of venereal infection acquired some
six years earlier. In March that year came the only concert in his life-time
devoted to his music, an event that owed much to the generosity of his friends
and brought him reasonable profit.
The B Flat String Trio, D. 581, was written in September, 1817, a year
after Schubert's first surviving attempt at the form, an incomplete B flat
Trio started in 1816. The form itself, with violin, viola and cello,
presents its own particular challenge. Haydn made significant use of it, and
Mozart contributed a work in concertante style. Beethoven wrote string trios in
both a four-movement form, the structural counterpart of the string quartet and
in the six-movement divertimento style, with alternating dance-movements.
Schubert takes the first as a model, with an opening movement of transparent
texture that follows the pattern of a classical first movement, with a shift of
mode and tonality in the central section, before the re-appearance of the
principal theme in the original key. The F major slow movement allows fine
interplay between the three instruments and is followed by a Minuet framing
a contrasting E flat major Trio that allows the viola rather more
prominence. The work ends with a charming rondo.
In March, 1817, Schubert met the distinguished singer Johann Michael Vogl at
the house of his friend Schober. Vogl was to become a close friend of the
composer and an important interpreter of many of his songs. In the summer of
1819 the two, curiously dissimilar in appearance and disparate age, set out to
visit Vogl's native district of Steyr and it was there that Schubert set to work
on the A major Piano Quintet, known from the theme and variations that
form its fourth movement as The Traut Quintet. It was intended for Vogl's
friend Sylvester Paumgartner, a local amateur who played wind instruments and
the cello and held regular musical evenings at his house, and was completed in
Vienna on the composers return there. At Paumgartners request the work is scored
for the same instruments as Hummel's E flat Piano Quintet, violin, viola,
cello, double bass and piano. It seems that Paumgartner also suggested the use
of the theme from Schubert's song Die Forelle (The Trout) for the fourth
movement.
The delightful first movement has a characteristic principal melody,
reminding us of Schubert's genius as a creator of songs, and leads through
typically remoter keys during its idyllic progress. This is followed by a
second, slower movement in the key of F major, in which the piano announces the
first melody, leading to two other thematic elements in the more distant keys of
F sharp minor and D major and to further harmonic complexity in
deceptively simple guise. The third movement, a scherzo and trio, is followed by
the famous theme and its five variations. The last movement re-establishes the
original key of A major, adding a second theme that has about it touches of The
Trout. The movement lacks a formal central development, but discusses the
proposed thematic material in passing, providing a conclusion in the same happy
mood with which the work had begun.
Jeno Jando
The Hungarian pianist Jeno Jando has won a number of piano competitions in
Hungary and abroad, including first prize in the 1973 Hungarian Piano Concours
and a first prize in the chamber music category at the Sydney International
Piano Competition in 1977. He has recorded for Naxos all the piano concertos and
sonatas of Mozart. Other recordings for the Naxos label include the concertos of
Grieg and Schumann as well as Rachmaninov's Second Concerto and Paganini
Rhapsody and Beethoven's complete piano sonatas.
Kodaly Quartet
The members of the Kodaly Quartet were trained at the Budapest Ferenc Liszt
Academy, and three of them, the second violinist Tamas Szabo, viola- player
Gabor Fias and cellist Janos Devich, were formerly in the Sebestyen Quartet,
which was awarded the jury's special diploma at the 1966 Geneva International
Quartet Competition and won first prize at the 1968 Leo Weiner Quartet
Competition in Budapest. Since 1970, with the violinist Attila Falvay, the
quartet has been known as the Kodaly Quartet, a title adopted with the approval
of the Hungarian Ministry of Culture and Education. The Kodaly Quartet has
given concerts throughout Europe, in the then Soviet Union and in Japan, in
addition to regular appearances in Hungary both in the concert hall and on
television and has made for Naxos highly acclaimed recordings of string quartets
by Ravel, Debussy, Haydn and Schubert.
Ensemble Villa Musica
The Villa Musica Ensemble, based in Mainz, is a group with a wide repertoire
that ranges from Bach to the work of contemporary composers, from solo music to
music for nonet. The players that form the ensemble are of considerable
individual distinction, and the group has enjoyed significant success throughout
Europe and in tours overseas.