Mali: Les Escrocs - Mandinka Rap From Mali
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We sing the truth. We do not want to be manipulated by the government. We are not escrocs for nothing. Mali's Les Escrocs are pioneers in the fast-growing...
We sing the truth.
We do not want to be manipulated by the government.
We are not escrocs for nothing.
Mali's Les Escrocs are pioneers in the fast-growing world of African rap and hip-hop. Since
the early 1990s, the group has helped define the cutting edge of new music in West Africa,
mixing traditional instruments with contemporary international beats, and boldly addressing
sensitive issues of social and national politics: polygamy, AIDS, corruption, and the changing
role of women in society. But what makes Les Escrocs stand out from the African rap pack is
the group's ties with traditional performance art forms. The group's founder and principal
composer, Mamadou Tounkara, is a Mandinka griot, a man born to a family tradition of music
and historical praise-singing. When he was a young student, Mamadou started rapping as a
kind of protest. "At that time," he recalled, "youth did not have the right to words. But through
rap, we could express ourselves about things that are not good in our society. We could
reclaim our rights. I saw that rappers are actually griots. It's almost the same thing." Much
has been said about the griot's role as a praise musician, but Mamadou points out that in the
past, griots were also feared for their truth-telling and criticism as well. Far from imitating a
foreign style, Mali's young rappers are reclaiming a neglected piece of their own heritage.
"Everyone says that rap is from America," says Mamadou. "I could say that the Americans have
modernised it, but it is not theirs, because the people who began rap in America were Africans."
Mamadou started Les Escrocs with two friends, and from the start, he knew he wanted to
follow his own road in music. "I did not want to make rap with machine rhythms, but with
purely traditional instruments, to show that you can make this music with the instruments we
have here, and that Mali is very rich in culture. We call our style Mandinka rap." Les Escrocs
means literally the 'swindlers' or 'crooks'. But the term is used colloquially to describe a
person who cannot keep his mouth shut, who has to say the truth no matter who is offended,
or how impolitic their words might be. One of the group's first songs, Saara, attacked the
cherished Muslim custom of polygamy. The song says that for a man to have multiple wives
made sense in the old days when people lived off the land and every hand counted, but now,
in an era of work for pay, no head of household can support so many wives and children.
Hungry and abandoned in city streets, kids turn to crime and prostitution. "You're not in the
bush anymore!" taunted Les Escrocs. And people listened.
Les Escrocs made their first recording with help from another griot, the master of the 21-string
kora, Toumani Diabate. Toumani and other older musicians encouraged the group to stick with
its engaged, roots approach, and before long, Les Escrocs found themselves on national
television, giving all of Mali a powerful rebuttal to the common idea that rappers were all
dropouts and delinquents. From there on, the group's popularity has climbed steadily. Les
Escrocs started out as a trio of rappers, but after Mamadou's two cohorts left to study abroad,
he was joined in 1999 by Salim Diallo. The two went on to make four albums, Kokadje
(Transparency), Kalan (Study), Can 2002, and a new work nearing completion as this CD goes
to press. These fourteen tracks offer a retrospective of the first decade of Les Escrocs, one of
the most innovative and talented groups to emerge from the awesome crucible of ancient and
modern arts that is Mali.
Pirates (more info)
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Pirates - 4:51
Saara (Polygamy) (more info)
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Saara (Polygamy) - 4:17
Enseignants (Teachers) (more info)
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Enseignants (Teachers) - 5:06
Tounga (Expatriates) (more info)
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Tounga (Expatriates) - 4:21
Sida 2001 (AIDS 2001) (more info)
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Sida 2001 (AIDS 2001) - 5:47
Sida 2000 (AIDS 2000) (more info)
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Sida 2000 (AIDS 2000) - 5:51
Demisenw (Children) (more info)
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Demisenw (Children) - 5:37
Kokadje (Transparency) (more info)
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Kokadje (Transparency) - 5:14
Farafina Mussow (African Women) (more info)
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Farafina Mussow (African Women) - 5:08
Integration africaine (African Unity) (more info)
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Integration africaine (African Unity) - 5:35
CAN 2002 (African Cup of Nations) (more info)
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CAN 2002 (African Cup of Nations) - 5:26
Expulses (The Expelled) (more info)
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Expulses (The Expelled) - 5:10
Kalan (Study) (more info)
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Kalan (Study) - 5:37
Konotie Magni (Clandestine Abortion) (more info)
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Konotie Magni (Clandestine Abortion) - 5:22