Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897-1957)
Piano
Sonata No. 2 in E Major, Op. 2
Märchenbilder
(Fairy-Story Pictures), Op. 3
Aus
der Musik zu Viel Lärmen um Nichts, Op. 11
(From
incidental music for Much Ado About Nothing)
Piano
Sonata No. 1 in D Minor
Erich
Wolfgang Korngold was the second son of the distinguished Viennese music critic
Julius Korngold. As a child he showed remarkable precocity, and embarked on the
study of composition at the age of six. His father was on good terms with
Mahler and in 1906 the boy played by heart for him his new cantata, Gold, while
Mahler followed the score, exclaiming "A genius", as the music
continued. He advised Julius Korngold to avoid the Conservatory and allow his
son to study with Zemlinsky, Alma Mahler's former teacher and brother-in-law of
Schoenberg, while Robert Fuchs was persuaded to give him lessons in
counterpoint. The connection with Mahler continued and the Korngolds visited
him in succeeding summers when he was at Toblach. In the summer of 1909 the boy
played to Mahler a new Scherzo he had written and a Passacaglia on a theme of
Zemlinsky. Mahler advised him to add a first movement to these pieces and make
of them a sonata, the result of which was Korngold's Piano Sonata No. 1 in D
minor. By this time the boy's reputation had aroused wider interest from, among
others, Engelbert Humperdinck and Richard Strauss, Nikisch and even
Weingartner. In 1910 Julius Korngold allowed the private publication by
Universal Edition of three of his son's compositions, Der Schneemann (The
Snowman), Charakterstücke zu Don Quixote (Character Pieces based on Don
Quixote) and the Piano Sonata in D minor, for the exclusive use of musicians.
The pantomime Der Schneemann was performed at the palace of the Baroness
Nienerth at a charity gala in 1910, in the original version for two pianos. Six
months later it was staged at the Court Opera orchestrated by Zemlinsky and
conducted by Franz Schalk, a performance sanctioned by Weingartner, who had
replaced Mahler at the Court Opera and whose relationship with Julius Korngold
was one of considerable hostility. In Munich, where, with his
father, he had attended the first performance of Mahler's Eighth Symphony,
Korngold played his second piano sonata in the presence of Paul Dukas and
Camille Saint-Saëns, arousing their amazement and admiration. His Trio, Opus 1,
written without the knowledge of his teacher, who had by some been wrongly
credited with a large share in the composition of Der Schneemann, was performed
at this time in Vienna by Arnold Rosé, Mahler's brother-in-law, with Friedrich
Buxbaum and Bruno Waller and in 1911 his Schauspielouvertüre and Sinfonietta
were played by the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra and later by the Vienna
Philharmonic. His one-act operas Der Ring des Polykrales and Violanta won
immediate success in Munich in 1916, under the
direction of Bruno Waller, and he later conducted them himself at the Vienna
Court Opera. In 1920, the year of his operatic triumph with Die tote Stadt,
staged in Hamburg and in Cologne, he made his
début in Vienna as an
orchestral conductor, embarking on a career as conductor, pianist and composer
that earned him official recognition in Vienna.
In
1934 Korngold moved to Hollywood, where he continued an
earlier association with Max Reinhardt, with whom he had collaborated on a Berlin staging of
Die Fledermaus in 1928. In America he continued an earlier
project, a film version of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. The
annexation of Austria prevented
his return home and he remained in Hollywood, composing film-scores
for some fifteen films for Warner Brothers. For two of his film-scores, Anthony
Adverse (1936) and Robin Hood (1938), he was awarded Oscars. In the 1940s he
conducted the New York Opera Company in performances of operettas by Johann
Strauss and Offenbach and in 1943 became a naturalised American. After the war
he was able to give greater attention to compositions of another kind, with a
violin concerto, introduced to the concert public by Heifetz, a cello concerto
and his Symphony in F sharp major. He died in Hollywood in 1957.
There
is no doubt that Korngold's association with Hollywood did little to further
his reputation as a serious composer for the concert-hall or opera-house, in
spite of the obvious quality of the music he wrote for Warner Brothers. His
style, late romantic, in spite of the association of his name with that of
Schoenberg in a popular poll in Vienna in 1926, where the two
were described as the greatest composers then living there, again did little to
endear him to critics eager for some fashionable novelty of musical idiom. He
summed up his own career as first that of a prodigy, then an opera composer in Europe, followed by
a period as a movie composer. At the time of writing, 1946, he determined to
end his work as a Hollywood composer, although he had always striven to
write music for the cinema that could stand alone, independent of the film for
which it was composed.
The
Piano Sonata in E major, Opus 2, had so impressed Saint-Saëns that he had left
his seat at the back of the room to stand over Korngold while he played and
when the performance was over had held the boy's hands, deeply moved by w hat
he had heard. The harmonic and melodic idiom of the four movements is by no
means derivative and the sonata is a work of assured maturity, allowing a
listener to ignore the fact that its composer was only thirteen. The seven
piano pieces that make up the Märchenbilder, Opus 3, were written in the same
year, 1910, fairy-tale pictures, a form that had appealed to Schumann,
translating into musical terms well known figures from the world of the
Brothers Grimm. Three piano pieces are drawn from incidental music for
Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, written in 1919. The first sets the scene
where Hero prepares for her wedding, the second, in the manner of a grotesque
funeral march, marks the appearance of the Watch, led by the constable Dogberry
and Verges, and the third provides music for the dance with which the play
ends.
The first of Korngold's piano sonatas,
completed in 1909 following Mahler's advice and published privately in 1910, is
in three movements, the first complementing the original Scherzo, with its
gently contrasted Trio, and the final passacaglia, using the traditional form
of variation with some originality. It must remain a matter of wonder that such
a work could be written and played by a twelve-year-old.
Ilona
Prunyi
Ilona
Prunyi was born in Debrecen in 1941 and studied at the Liszt Academy in
Budapest, distinguishing herself in the Liszt-Bartók Competition while still a
student. Her career as a concert performer was interrupted by a period of ill
health, and for personal reasons she spent ten years as a teacher at the
Academy before making her début in 1974. Since then she has appeared frequently
in solo and chamber music recitals and as a soloist with the principal
Hungarian orchestras.