Romantic Piano Favourites-Volumes 3 The third collection of Romantic Piano Favourites contains a popular mixture of well known pieces, starting with an Air...
Romantic Piano Favourites-Volumes 3
The third collection of Romantic Piano
Favourites contains a popular mixture of well known pieces, starting with an Air and Variations from a harpsichord
suite by Handel that enjoyed particular favour in a more romantic guise, under
the title The Harmonious Blacksmith.
In fact the strokes of the blacksmith's hammer were not its inspiration, the
legend of the work's inception being entirely posthumous.
Beethoven's piano sonatas offer a formidable
anthology of the composer's own developing style in writing for the piano, once
described by a critic as the New Testament to the Old Testament of Johann
Sebastian Bach's 48 Preludes and Fugues.
The Andante in F, known as the Andante favori, was originally intended as
the slow movement of the famous sonata dedicated to Count Waldstein, an early
patron, through whose agency Beethoven had been introduced to the attention of
polite society in Vienna, on his arrival there in 1792. The movement was
written in 1803 and published in Vienna two years later.
Dvorak, the son of a village inn-keeper and
butcher in Bohemia, forsook the family business to become a major figure in
European music in the later 19th century. As a composer he was never far away
from the national source of his inspiration, and it was the success of his Moravian Dances, published by Simrock at
the request of Brahms, that led to a commission for a set of Slavonic Dances for piano duet, of which
Opus 46 No.1 was the first.
An important figure in the life of Dvorak was
Johannes Brahms, who had left his native Hamburg to settle in Vienna in 1863,
establishing himself, in the eyes of many, as the successor of Beethoven, much
to the annoyance of Richard Wagner and his followers, who saw the music of the
future in very different terms. Brahms himself was a pianist of some ability,
although critics were later to praise rather the musical thought than the
technique of his performance. The sixteen Waltzes
that make up his Opus 39 were written in 1863, with aversion for piano duet and
an arrangement for solo piano. The work was dedicated to the critic Eduard
Hanslick, a strong supporter of Brahms, portrayed by Wagner in Die Meistersinger as Beckmesser.
Schumann paid due respect to Vienna, where he
had once briefly hoped to make a name of himself, as his future wife Clara had
done with her remarkable piano playing. The story of Schumann's marriage,
against the opposition of Clara's father, has appealed to the romantic
imagination, although subsequent events and the composer's insanity and early
death may suggest that Friedrich Wieck was exercising mere common prudence in
prohibiting his daughter's marriage. The Album
for the Young was written in 1848, eight years after Schumann's
marriage, at a time of
political disturbance in Dresden, where the couple had made their home. In the
space of a fortnight he wrote some 43 little pieces, to supply a general need
for music of good quality for young players, and more specifically for the two
eldest of his four children.
The Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg,
descendant of a Scottish lobster-importer, who had taken refuge in Norway after
the Battle of Culloden and the defeat of the Stuart cause, was to prove the
most important figure in the creation of a national school of music in his native
country, in spite of his training in Leipzig and the then predominance of
Danish culture in that part of Scandinavia. A pianist himself, he published
during his life ten volumes of Lyric Pieces,
vignettes of colour and variety. The March
of the Trolls offers a picture of those often hostile
personifications of the forces of nature, the Trolls, creatures that make their
appearance in Ibsen's play Peer Gynt,
for which Grieg provided incidental music. To
Spring, also included in the present anthology, formed part of a
collection of Lyric Pieces
published in Leipzig in 1886.
The Song
without Words was a favourite form of nineteenth century composers,
a suitable title for a short piano piece of obvious melodic appeal.
Tchaikovsky, who used the title more than once, if not with the prolific
enthusiasm of Mendelssohn, included his Chant
sans paroles in F in a collection of three pieces written in the
summer of 1867 and collected under the title Souvenir
de Hapsal. Now employed at the Conservatory in Moscow, he had
intended to spend the holiday with his brother Anatoly in Finland, but money
ran out, and returning to St. Petersburg the brothers found the family house
closed, in the absence of their father. In desperation they travelled as
deck-passengers to Hapsal, a resort on the Estonian coast, where their brother
Modest was staying with Tchaikovsky's married sister Sasha Davidov. The three
pieces represent a change of attitude to Hapsal, a place he had hoped to avoid,
but which he came to like, in spite of shortage of money.
Moritz Moszkowski, a German musician of Polish
origin, enjoyed a reputation as a performer and as a composer of lighter music,
particularly of a Spanish flavour, an association he was unable completely to
discard. His piano music, and in particular the famous Etincelles, was enormously popular with
his contemporaries, a fine example of salon music.
The needs of performers in the days before
recording included arrangements and transcriptions. Some of these might simply
make orchestral music available in the home, while others might provide an
imaginative re-creation of the original music in terms of the piano. Franz
Liszt, one of the greatest virtuosi of his time, transcribed a great deal of
music for his own use as a concert pianist, particularly during the first part
of his career, before settling in Weimar to pursue interests in orchestral
music.
His version of a song from Schubert's song
cycle Die schone Müllerin was
given its final form in 1846, following earlier transcriptions of Schubert's Schwanengesang and Die Winterreise.
Music and politics seem a world apart. The
great pianist Paderewski, however, was to become Prime Minister and Minister of
Foreign Affairs in newly independent Poland in 1919, positions from which he
retired in the following year, later resuming his international career as a
performer. Although he did not write exclusively for the piano, Paderewski's
works include a number of smaller scale piano pieces, among which the Menuet celebre enjoys particular favour.
Sergey Rachmaninov's version of his compatriot
Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee,
is a further example of inspired transcription by a great virtuoso. The bee in
question has made its appearance in arrangement after arrangement, but had its
origin in the opera Tsar Saltan,
where it is, in fact, the metamorphosed Prince Guidon, who takes revenge on his
wicked aunts by stinging them.
The Swan of the French composer Camille Saint-Saens
was the only part of the Carnival of the
Animals that he allowed to be published. The whole work, intended as
a private jeu d'esprit, is
nowadays a part, at least, of the juvenile orchestral concert repertoire,
although its original form was for a very small group of players.
Saint-Saens was known as the French Mendelssohn,
with the earlier composer's command of classical form and clarity of texture.
Mendelssohn himself, belonging to the generation of the first romantics, wrote
throughout his life a number of short pieces for piano, grouped together in
eight volumes of Songs without Words.
The fifth album, in which the well known Spring
Song appears, was published in 1844, three years before the
composer's death.
There is a clear line of development from
Chopin to Claude Debussy, whose piano music seemed to explore still further the
poetic resonances of the instrument and, in its simpler forms, pleased the
domestic performer in search of repertoire. The waltz La plus que lente was written in 1910 and
found the same market as the Preludes
of the same year.
Fritz Kreisler's reputation rested on his
distinction as a violinist, an activity to which composition was ancillary. For
his own use and, in particular, for the short-playing records of his earlier
career, he wrote a large number of small pieces, some of them avowedly
original, like the Caprice viennois,
and others attributed, falsely, to earlier composers. Under whatever title,
they served their purpose well enough whether as pieces for recording or as
suitable encores in public recital.
The duet Polka
italienne of the Russian pianist, composer and conductor Sergey
Rachmaninov was probably written in 1906, at a time when he was busy with plans
for another opera, this time based on Flaubert's novel Salammbo. For two seasons he had been
employed as conductor at the Bolshoy Theatre in Moscow, but partly as a result
of the prevailing political unrest he had resigned early in 1906 and left for
Italy, where he spent the earlier part of the year. It is possible that the Italian Polka has some connection with his
stay abroad.
Frantisek Drdla, born in Moravia in 1869, won
a contemporary reputation not onlyas
a violinist but also as a composer of Czech flavoured salon pieces. The Souvenir in D Major was written in 1904,
originally for violin and piano.
The Hungarian composer Erno Dohnanyi, also
known under the German form of his name as Ernst von Dohnanyi, was born and
educated in the city now known as Bratislava. He chose to pursue his higher
studies in Budapest where the young Bartok was to follow him, and exercised an
important influence over the development of music in Hungary until his
departure for the United States in 1948. A distinguished pianist, he wrote a
number of works for his own instrument, including the six Concert Etudes of 1916, the sixth of
which, Capriccio, concludes the
present collection.
The Hungarian pianist Balazs Szokolay was born
in Budapest in 1961, the son of a mother who is a pianist and a father who is a
composer and professor at the Ferenc Liszt Academy. He started learning the piano
when he was five and in 1970 entered the preparatory class of the Budapest
Music Academy, where he completed his studies with Pal Kadosa and Zoltan Kocsis
in 1983. He later spent two years at the Academy of Music in Munich, with a
West German government scholarship.
Balazs Szokolay is now a soloist with the
Hungarian State Orchestra and has given concerts in a number of countries
abroad, including Austria, Switzerland, France, Italy, Poland, the Soviet
Union, Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia. In September, 1987, he made his recital
debut at the Royal Festival Hall in London. He has won a number of important
prizes at home and abroad, including, most recently, success in the 1987 Queen
Elisabeth of the Belgians Competition. He took fourth place in the Leeds
International Piano Competition in 1990, when his playing was particularly
commended in the British press for its energy and imagination.