Nicolo Paganini (1782 - 1840) Music for Violin and Guitar Vol. II Sonata per la gran viola e chitarra Duetto amoroso 6 Sonatas Op. 2 Cantabile - Valse...
Nicolo Paganini (1782 - 1840)
Music for Violin and Guitar Vol. II
Sonata per la gran viola e chitarra
Duetto amoroso
6 Sonatas Op. 2
Cantabile - Valse
Variazioni di bravurs
Paganini's popular reputation rested always on his phenomenal technique as a
violinist, coupled with a showman's ability to dominate an audience and to
stupefy those who heard him by astonishing feats of virtuosity. His playing
served as an inspiration to other performers in the nineteenth century,
suggesting to Chopin, in Warsaw, the piano Etudes, and to Liszt the material of
the Paganini studies that he wrote in 1838. The very appearance of Paganini
impressed people. His gaunt aquiline features, his suggestion of hunched
shoulders, his sombre clothing, gave rise to legends of association with the
Devil, the alleged source of his power, an association supported by the frequent
appearance by his side on his travels of his secretary, one Harris, thought by
some to be a familiar spirit or a Mephistopheles watching over his Faust.
Stories of a pact with the Devil were denied by Paganini himself, who, with
characteristic understanding of the value of public relations in a more
credulous age, told of an angelic visitation to his mother, in a dream,
foretelling his birth and his genius.
Paganini was born in Genoa in 1782 and was taught the violin first by his
father, an amateur, and then by a violinist in the theatre orchestra and by the
better known violinist Giacomo Costa, under whose tuition he gave a public
performance in 1794. The following year he played to the violinist and teacher
Alessandro Rolla in Parma, and on the latter's suggestion studied Composition
there under Paer. After are turn to Genoa and removal during the Napoleonic
invasion, he settled in 1801 in Lucca, where, after 1805, he became solo
violinist to the new ruler, Princess Elisa Baciocchi, sister of Napoleon. At the
end of 1809 he left, to travel during the next eighteen years throughout Italy,
winning a very considerable popular reputation. It was not until1828 that he
made his first concert-tour abroad, visiting Vienna, Prague and then the major
cities of Germany, followed by Paris and London in 1831. His international
career as a virtuoso ended in 1834, when, after an unsatisfactory tour of
England, he returned again to Italy, to Parma. A return to the concert-hall in
Nice and then, with considerable success, in Marseilles, was followed by an
unsuccessful business venture in Paris, the Casino Paganini, which was intended
to provide facilities equally for gambling and for music. With increasing ill
health, he retired to Nice, where he died in 1840.
Although he is popularly known principally for his violin music, Paganini
wrote a large number of compositions for the guitar, an instrument of which he
also demonstrated mastery. He left no less than 140 shorter pieces for guitar,
28 duos for violin and guitar, with four trios and nine quartets that make use
of the instrument. He had had some familiarity with the instrument as a child in
Genoa. When in 1801 he finally gained freedom from his family and established
himself in Lucca, according to later legend he fell in love with a woman known
to us only as Dida, whose identity is unknown but whose connection with Paganini
is attested by dedications of some of his later compositions using guitar. These
early years in Lucca were subsequently the subject of gossip, with speculation
as to the nature of the affair in which Paganini was involved, or even
suggestions that he had spent time, some eight years, in prison for the murder
either of his mistress or of his rival in love. These rumours Paganini later
took the trouble to deny. Whatever amorous intrigues had occupied him in Lucca,
it seems that he devoted some attention to the guitar as well as to the violin,
his technique of left-hand pizzicato in the latter to some extent suggested by
the technique of the guitar.
Paganini's Sonata per la gran viola was originally conceived for viola
and orchestra, but the composer himself arranged it for viola and guitar. In
1831 he acquired a Stradivarius viola and it was for this instrument that he
commissioned a concerto from Berlioz, a request that brought Harold in Italy, a
work that hardly suited Paganini's purpose. There is an operatic introduction to
the sonata of great initial dramatic effect, melting into a more romantic mood.
The final set of variations gives scope for the use of harmonics and for a
further display of Paganini's gift for apparently simple and attractive melody.
The Duetto amoroso is thought to have been written in 1807. It has a
clear programme - Beginning (Principio), Request (Preghiera), Consent (Acconsentito),
Timidity (Timidezza), Pleasure (Contentezza), Quarrel (Lite), Peace (Pace),
Signs of Love (Segnali d'amore), Notice of Parting (Notizia della partenza),
Separation (Distacco). It seems to have been designed for performance at a court
concert in Lucca, and was possibly directed towards Princess Elisa Baciocchi
herself.
The six sonatas of Opus 2 belong to Paganini's earlier years in Lucca and
were dedicated to Signor delle Piane. Like the later set of six sonatas that
make up Opus 3, each sonata is in two movements, the first generally slower and
often making use of dramatic devices typical of contemporary opera. The second
movement, which sometimes gives scope for virtuoso display, forms a lively
contrast, often in perky dotted rhythms. The sonatas are followed by a Cantabile
and Waltz written in 1823 or 1824 and dedicated Al bravo ragazzino Sig. Camillo
Sivori in a manuscript that gives some help with the desired fingering. Sivori,
a protege of Paganini, made a significant name for himself as a violinist in a
career that obviously owed much to the example of the older player. The Variazioni
di bravura treat the best known of all Paganini's work, the 24th
Capriccio for violin solo, a thematic variation source for Brahms,
Rachmaninov and others.
Scott St. John
Born in London, Ontario, the Canadian violinist and violist Scott St. John
has impressed critics and audiences, with a number of awards to his credit,
including the 1988 Canada Council Competition, which brought the loan of the
1717 Stradivarius violin that he plays. A graduate of the Curtis Institute, he
made his New York debut, playing violin and viola, in 1988, as first-prize
winner of the Alexander Schneider Violin and Viola Competition. Other awards
have included first prize at the 1992 Munich International Violin Competition.
Scott St. John has appeared as a soloist with major orchestras in America,
Europe and Japan, including the Cleveland and Philadelphia Orchestras and the
Royal Philharmonic in London.
Simon Wynberg
The guitarist Simon Wynberg was educated in South Africa, later taking a
Master's degree at the University of London, spending the years from 1978 to
1991 in the English capital. He has recently settled in Toronto. Simon Wynberg
has won a very considerable reputation as a soloist and as a chamber musician,
as well as for his research into guitar repertoire and his resulting editions
and publications. He founded and directs the annual Blair Atholl Festival in
Scotland and enjoys a distinguished career on both sides of the Atlantic. His
recordings include an acclaimed set of ten discs devoted to the guitar works of
Zani de Ferranti and a Bach Recital Album.