Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809-1847): Piano Music Vol.5 Fantasia (Sonate ecossaise) in F sharp minor, Op. 28 Seven Characteristic Pieces, Op. 7 Prelude...
Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy (1809-1847):
Piano Music Vol.5
Fantasia (Sonate ecossaise) in F sharp
minor, Op. 28
Seven Characteristic Pieces, Op. 7
Prelude and Fugue in E minor
Sonata Movement in B flat minor
Capriccio in F sharp minor, Op. 5
Born in Hamburg in 1809, eldest son of the
banker Abraham Mendelssohn and grandson of the great Jewish thinker Moses
Mendelssohn, Felix Mendelssohn took the additional name Bartholdy on his
baptism as a Christian. He was brought up in Berlin, where his family settled
in 1812, and here he enjoyed the wide cultural opportunities that his family
offered, through their own interests and connections. Mendelssohn's early
gifts, manifested in a number of directions, included marked musical precocity,
both as a player and as a performer, at a remarkably early age.
Mendelssohn's early manhood brought the
opportunity to travel, as far south as Naples and as far north as the Hebrides,
with Italy and Scotland both providing the inspiration for later symphonies.
His career involved him in the Lower Rhine Festival in Düsseldorf and a period
as city director of music, followed, in 1835, by appointment as conductor of
the Gewandhaus Orchestra in Leipzig. Here he was able to continue the work he
had started in Berlin six years earlier, when he had conducted in Berlin a
revival of Bach's St Matthew Passion. Leipzig was to provide a
degree of satisfaction that he could not find in Berlin, where he returned at
the invitation of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1841. In Leipzig once more, in
1843, he established a new Conservatory, spending his final years there, until
his death at the age of thirty-eight on 4th November 1847, six months after the
death of his gifted and beloved sister Fanny.
Mendelssohn seems to have written a first
version of his Fantasia in F sharp minor, Opus 28, the so-called Sonate
ecossaise, in 1828, before his first visit to Scotland the following year.
In 1830, after his return, he played the Fantasia to Goethe in Weimar,
but revised the piece in 1833 when it was published with a dedication to the
pianist and composer Ignaz Moscheles, who had given him and his sister some
lessons in Berlin in 1824 and proved a useful friend during Mendelssohn's visit
to London in 1829. In a key that the composer found stimulating, the Fantasia
opens with a series of arpeggios, followed by the Andante principal
theme. A more extended passage of cascading arpeggios is followed by the return
of the Andante theme, leading to a shorter concluding passage of
decorative intensity, fading to a wistful close. The second movement, marked Allegro
con moto, is in the style of a gentle A major Scherzo, with a D
major Trio at its heart. The extended final Presto is in
established sonata form. The repeated exposition, the first section, replete
with dramatic excitement, offers the expected two thematic elements and these
are duly developed, to return in varied form in the final recapitulation.
Mendelssohn's Seven Characteristic Pieces, Opus 7, seem to have been
written as early as 1825. They are dedicated to his piano teacher, Ludwig
Berger, and reflect the study of counterpoint he had undertaken under the
guidance of Zelter and his own absorption of the keyboard idiom of Johann
Sebastian Bach. The first piece is a tender prelude, followed by a shift from
the key of E minor to B minor and a change of mood from the contemplative to
the excited. The third piece is a D major Fugue, the voices entering in
imitation in descending order and proceeding to all the contrapuntal devices
the heart could desire. The shadow of Bach is joined by that of Domenico
Scarlatti in the extended fourth piece of the set, in A major, followed by a
second Fugue in the same key, with the four voices entering in ascending
order and going on to a masterly display of counterpoint. The sixth piece, in E
minor and marked Sehnsüchtig (Yearning), is tenderly evocative and is
capped by a final light-hearted piece in E major, breathing the fairy
atmosphere of a true Mendelssohn Scherzo.
The Prelude and Fugue in E minor was
published in the album Notre Temps in Mainz in 1841. The Prelude, written
in that year, makes much of its opening motif and its continuation. The Fugue,
written in 1827, has all the impetus inherent in a form to which
Mendelssohn had devoted some study and of which he again demonstrates complete
control, evidence of the way in which he had, even as a boy, absorbed the
lessons of earlier musical traditions.
The Sonata Movement in B flat minor starts
with a slow introduction, leading to a theme redolent of the world of Schubert
and offering more rapid display. The central development section of the
movement finds a place for brief contrapuntal activity, before the final
section of recapitulation in music of no great distinction.
The Capriccio in F sharp minor, Opus 5,
written in 1825, is marked Prestissimo and is a work of great
contrapuntal excitement. Rossini, when he met Mendelssohn again in Frankfurt in
1836, suggested the influence of Scarlatti, a judgement that the composer found
unjustified but that others have echoed, although there is rather something of
the strength of Beethoven in the writing. Mendelssohn himself, as well he
might, thought highly enough of his achievement. There is again a demonstrable
mastery of counterpoint, as the work unfolds, with music of irrepressible
energy and vigour, remarkable testimony to the composer's precocity both as a
composer and as a pianist.
Benjamin Frith
The British pianist Benjamin Frith has had
a distinguished career. A pupil of Fanny Waterman, he won the British National
Concerto Competition at the age of fourteen, followed by the award of the
Mozart Memorial Prize and joint top prize in 1986 in the Italian Busoni
International Piano Competition and in 1989 a Gold Medal and First Prize in the
Arthur Rubinstein Piano Master Competition. Benjamin Frith enjoys a busy
international career, with engagements in the United States and throughout
Europe as a soloist and recitalist, and festival appearances at Sheffield,
Aldeburgh, Harrogate, Kuhmo, Bolzano, Savannah, Pasadena and Hong Kong and an
Edinburgh Festival debut in 1992. His recordings for Naxos include piano music
by Schumann and Weber, the two Mendelssohn Piano Concertos, the Third Piano
Concerto of Rachmaninov and Piano Concertos by John Field.