Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Complete Piano Music, Volume 6: Complete Song Transcriptions of Chopin, Mendelssohn, Robert and Clara Schumann Liszt must be heard -...
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
Complete Piano Music, Volume 6:
Complete Song Transcriptions of Chopin, Mendelssohn, Robert and Clara Schumann
Liszt must be heard - and also seen; for
if he played behind the scenes a great deal
of the poetry of his playing would be lost.
- Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
When I think of Liszt as a creative artist, he appears before my eyes rouged, on stilts, and blowing
into Jericho trumpets fortissimo and pianissimo.
- Fryderyk Chopin (1810-1849)
I have not seen any musician in whom
musical feeling ran, as in Liszt, into the very tips of the fingers and there
streamed out immediately.
- Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
Liszt cannot be compared to any other
player - he is absolutely unique. He arouses fear and astonishment and yet is a
very kind artist. His appearance at the piano is indescribable - he is an
original - totally involved with the piano...
- Clara Schumann (1819-1896)
Franz Liszt (1811-1886) was an inveterate
transcriber. Whether the melody was a simple folk song, a complex symphonic
work, a lengthy chamber piece, an operatic aria, or a beautiful art-song, Liszt
could not resist the urge to lovingly transform it into a piano work. More than
half of his compositions are transcriptions, paraphrases, reminiscences, or
fantasies on other composers' music. Liszt possessed an amazing response to
poetic imagery. He believed that purely musical images of poetic ideas are
capable of being projected to the listener and that he could illustrate such
imagery without words. This was his lifelong aesthetic. Liszt transcribed about
150 songs. More than a third of these were songs by Schubert. The rest were
Liszt's tributes to the genius of other songwriters, including Beethoven,
Chopin, Robert Franz, Mendelssohn, Anton Rubinstein, Eduard Lassen, Otto
Lessmann, Josef Dessauer, Hans von Bülow, and Clara and Robert Schumann. This
volume in the Naxos Liszt series contains all of Liszt's song and choral-song
transcriptions of Chopin, Mendelssohn, Robert and Clara Schumann.
Fryderyk Chopin's Polish Melodies, Opus
74, are without doubt the least known of the composer's works. Composed between
1828 and 1845 and collected posthumously, they are compositions of a lifetime -
the product of continuing inspiration, and the reflection of Chopin's very
soul. Liszt first met Chopin in 1831, immediately after Chopin's arrival in
Paris. Their association was unlucky at best, and often flawed by
misunderstandings and little warmth. It was Liszt who introduced George Sand to
Chopin, resulting in a questionable and difficult relationship. When Chopin
lent Liszt his apartment, Liszt used it for an assignation. This is something
that Chopin discovered later and of which he did not approve. After Chopin's
death, Liszt showed abominable taste in publishing a terrible book on Chopin.
The small volume was turgid at best, full of useless digressions and
misinformation. Today most musicologists agree that the book was the handiwork
of Liszt's mistress, Carolyne Wittgenstein. Be that as it may, among Liszt's song
transcriptions are six by Chopin. They are some of Liszt's most popular and
endearing transcriptions. The transcriptions were created by Liszt during a
period of thirteen years, from 1847 to 1860 and dedicated to the Princess Marie
von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst [also known as Princess Marie von
Sayn-Wittgenstein, daughter of Princess Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein]. The
first song in the cycle is Zyczenie ("Madchens Wünsch";
"The Maiden's Wish"). Composed by Chopin in 1829 to a poem by S.
Witwicki, it is the most often performed of the set. With its mazurka rhythm,
simple, singable melody, and facetious gaiety, it pays homage to beauty, love
and feminine coquetry. The second song, Wiosna ("Frühling",
"In Spring") was composed by Chopin in 1838 and is a lament of one
who wanders through a pleasant valley only to be reminded by its beauty of a
beloved person who is dead. Pierscien ("Das Ringlein",
"The Ring") was written by Chopin in 1836 and has to do with a young
man who discovers his ring still on a young woman's finger, although she has
turned him down and married someone else. Hulanka ("Bacchanal")
is an ode to love and wine, and the fifth song transcription, Moja
pieszczotka ("Meine Freuden", "My Joys") is a sheer
lyrical outpouring of virile expressions of love: not only is she the most
beautiful, but a look from her is enough to set one aflame. The lover cannot
resist the pleasure of taking her in his arms and wildly kissing her... to a
mazurka rhythm. Narzeczony ("Die Heimkehr",
"Homeward") is a picture of a man on horseback riding through a
snow-swept forest, not knowing that his beloved is dead and will meet him in
her winding-sheet.
Liszt transcribed three songs by Clara
Schumann (1819-1896), and published them as a set with seven additional songs
by Robert Schumann in 1872. The first of these, Warum willst du andere
fragen? ("Why would you ask more questions?") was written by
Clara Schumann on June 8, 1841 to a text by Rückert and published as the third
song in Opus 12. This beautiful song is a musical plea not to question a
lover's sincerity. The second song Ich hab' in deinem Auge ("In
your eyes have I seen eternal love") is also to a text by Friedrich
Rückert. Clara Schumann composed this love song in June 1843 and published it
as the fifth song in her Opus 13. Geheimes Flüstern hier und dolt ("Mysterious
whispers here and there") is a love and nature poem to a text by Austrian
poet Hermann Rollet composed on June 10, 1853 and published as Opus 23,
no.3. Liszt's transcriptions are models
of simplicity and transparency, maintaining the original structure with little
embellishment.
Robert Schumann made a special trip to
Leipzig to meet Liszt in 1840. Although they had corresponded for several years
prior to this trip, exchanged scores, and each had
written complimentary articles on the other, this was to be their first
meeting. Schumann, who was already suffering from delusions, found Liszt in the
flesh an unsettling experience. He wrote: "How extraordinarily he plays,
boldly and wildly, and then again tenderly and ethereally! I have heard all
this. But this world - his world I mean - is no longer mine. Art, as you
practice it, and as I do when I compose at the piano, this tender intimacy I
would not give for all his splendor - and indeed there is too much tinsel about
it." Liszt, nevertheless, remained an arch supporter of Schumann's music.
He performed many of the most important piano works and introduced Schumann's
opera Genoveva in Weimar, in addition to Schumann's less accepted
musical hybrids for voice and orchestra, Faust, Manfred and Paradise
and the Peri. In all, Liszt made transcriptions of twelve Schumann songs (Widmung
appeared in two different versions). Frühlings Ankunft ("Coming
of Spring"), Des Sennen Abschied ("The Cowherd's Farewell"),
Er ist's ("The Spring It Is"), Weihnachtslied ("Christmas
Song"), and Die wandelnde Glocke ("The Changing Bells")
were all part of Schumann's Opus 79 and published in Liszt's transcription
(along with Clara's three songs) in 1872. These are simple, straightforward
settings by Liszt of some of Schumann's less well-known, but most-intimate,
songs. Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt ("None but the lonely
heart") and An die Türen will ich schleichen ("I shall creep
from door to door") come from Schumann's set Lieder und Gesange aus
Wilhelm Meister . An den
Sonnenschein ("To the Sunshine"), Opus 36, No.4 and Rotes
Roslein ("Red Rose"), Opus 27, No.2 are combined by Liszt into
one cohesive song transcription, published in 1861. Once again we hear Liszt's
clever blending of text and music - a song about sunlight's effect upon nature
in combination with Robert Burn's love song (in Gerhard's translation)
"Oh, my luve's like a red, red rose."
Provençalisches Minnelied ("Provencal
Lovesong") is a curious late transcription by Liszt of a late song by
Schumann (Opus 139, No.4 (1852, published posthumously in 1858)). Liszt's
transcription was published in 1881. What follows are two settings of Liszt's
most popular transcription of a Schumann song - Widmung ("Dedication"),
Opus 25, No.1. The first of these is also subtitled "Liebeslied," and
is the shorter, earlier version of the better known 1848 concert version. The
holograph of this transcription is at the Library of Congress in Washington,
D.C., and was first published in 1980 in an edition entitled Liszt:
Forgotten Masterpieces, edited by the artist on this disc, Joseph Banowetz.
The "concert version" of 1848 of Widmung (from Schumann's Myrthen
cycle, Opus 25) was originally a gift from Robert to Clara. The touching
words by Friedrich Rückert are worth quoting:
You are my soul, my heart, my ecstasy and
pain;
you are my world in which I live,
my heaven into which I am suspended,
my grave into which I have laid forever my
sorrow.
You are my repose and my peace,
you are bestowed to me from heaven;
that you love me makes me of worth,
your gaze transfigures me,
lovingly you raise me above myself, my
good spirit, my better self.
You are my soul, my heart, my ecstasy and
pain;
you are my world in which I live,
my heaven into which I am suspended, my
good spirit, my better self.
Frühlingsnacht ("Spring
Night"), Opus 39, No.12 is an exquisite piece of pianistic writing.
Published by Liszt in 1872, it is a joyful and dreamlike love song. The
"breezes wandering through the woods" are pianistically translated
into a repeated chordal accompaniment bringing us to the glad refrain when the
nightingale declares "She is yours, all yours again!"
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) composed 102
songs for voice and piano. The earliest were written in 1820, the work of a
nine-year old; the last volume of Lieder, Opus 71 was compiled by the
thirty-eight year old composer only a few days prior to his untimely death. The
remaining works with an opus number higher than 72 were published posthumously.
Franz Liszt transcribed seven of the songs and two works by Mendelssohn for
male chorus. The seven song transcriptions were published by Liszt in 1841 (and
dedicated to Mendelssohn's wife, Cecile Mendelssohn (nee Jeanrenaud)). Sonntagslied
("Sunday Song"), Opus 34, No.5 (1836), is an eloquent and
somewhat sentimental musing of a lonely poet who witnesses a bridal procession.
Winterlied ("Winter Song"), Opus 19a, No.3, is a setting of a
Swedish folk poem. Auf FIügeln des Gesanges ("On Wings of
Song"), Opus 34, No.2 (1836) written to a text by Heine, is the best known
of Liszt's transcriptions of Mendelssohn's songs. One critic remarked that this
Liszt transcription is "music that transports one on airy pinions to the
land of romance where all is beauty... the delectable land of one's own
conjuring, where all is wrapped in an inexpressive calm, blurred by no
infelicity." Suleika, Opus 34, No.4, written to words of Goethe and
Marianne von Willemer is an ode to the Westwind:
Oh Westwind! Your cool breath awakens
longing for my beloved.
Hurry to him and tell him how I suffer in
his absence.
Your gentle breath comforts my
lonely heart.
Go to my
beloved! Speak to him - but not of my anguish.
Tell him that his love is my
life and that I yearn for his return.
Neue Liebe ("New
Love"), Opus 19a, No.4, written to a text by Heine, is a vision of elves,
swans and the fairy queen. Reiselied ("Song of Travel"), Opus
34, No.6, also written to a Heine text, tells the story of a rider who is
comforted by the thought that his difficult trip on a dark and windy night will
eventually bring him to his love. Frühlingslied ("Spring
Song"), Opus 47, No.3, is a typically Mendelssohnian joyous romp:
"Spring is here! The skies are blue and the fields are drying. The
birds in the woods are calling for their mates. And I take a bouquet of violets
to my love." In all of these transcriptions Liszt stylistically maintains
Mendelssohn's integrity, expertly weaving the vocal lines into the piano
fabric. Wasserfahrt ("Boating Trip") (to a poem by Heine) and Der
Jager Abschied ("Hunter's Farewell") (to a text by Eichendorff)
were composed by Mendelssohn in 1842 as part of the six choruses for male
voices Opus 50. Franz Liszt transcribed these two choral songs in 1848,
connecting them as one, continuous song. The delicate Gondola-like song, Wasserfahrt,
is followed by a pianistically rousing last chase and hunt.
1997 Victor and Marina A. Ledin,
Encore Consultants
Joseph Banowetz
Joseph Banowetz has been heard as
recitalist and orchestral soloist on five continents, with guest appearances
with such orchestras as the St. Petersburg Philharmonic, the Moscow State
Symphony, the Prague Radio Orchestra, the Budapest Symphony, the New Zealand
Symphony (in a twelve concert national tour), the Shanghai Symphony, and the
Hong Kong Philharmonic. In 1992, Banowetz was awarded the Liszt Medal by the
Hungarian Liszt Society in Budapest. A pupil of Carl Friedberg (a student of
Clara Schumann), and a graduate with the "First Prize" from the
Vienna Akademie für Musik und Darstellende Kunst, his recordings for Naxos and
Marco Polo have received international critical acclaim, including a German
Music Critics' outstanding record of the year award. Banowetz's recordings
include concertos of Liszt, Tchaikovsky, and the complete piano and orchestra
works of Anton Rubinstein.