Sigismond Thalberg (1812-1871) Piano Concerto in F minor, Op. 5 Souvenirs de Beethoven: Grande fantaisie pour le piano sur la 7' Symphonie de Beethoven, Op....
Sigismond Thalberg (1812-1871)
Piano Concerto in F minor, Op. 5
Souvenirs de Beethoven: Grande fantaisie
pour le piano sur la 7' Symphonie de Beethoven, Op. 39
Nocturne, Op. 28 Canzonette italienne,
Op. 36, No.5
Un Soupir, Melodie variee pour piano
Some mystery surrounds the birth and
parentage of the virtuoso pianist Sigismond Thalberg, popularly supposed to
have been the illegitimate son of Count Moritz Dietrichstein and the Baroness
von Wetzlar, born at Pâquis near Geneva in 1812. His birth certificate,
however, provides him with less distinguished but relatively legitimate
parentage as the alleged son of a citizen of Frankfurt, Joseph Thalberg and a
certain and possibly pseudonymous Fortune Stein. There seems, therefore, no
particular reason to suppose the name Thalberg an invention. Legend, however,
provides the story of the Baroness proclaiming him a valley (Thai) that would
one day rise to the heights of a mountain (Berg). Thalberg's schooling took him
to Vienna, where his fellow-pupil the Duke of Reichstadt, Napoleon's son,
almost persuaded him to take up a military career. Musical interests finally
triumphed and he was able to study with Simon Sechter and with Mozart's pupil
Hummel. In Vienna he performed at private parties, making a particular impression
when, as a fourteen-year-old, he played at the house of Prince Metternich. By
1828 he had started the series of compositions that were to prove an important
and necessary concoruitant of his career as a virtuoso. In 1830 he undertook
his first concert tour abroad, to England, where he had lessons from Moscheles.
In 1834 he was appointed Kammervirtuos to the Emperor in Vienna and the
following year appeared in Paris, where he had lessons from Kalkbrenner and
Pixis.
Paris in the 1830s was a city of pianists.
The Conservatoire was full of them, while salons and the show-rooms of the
chief piano-manufacturers Erard and Pleyel resounded with the virtuosity of
Kalkbrenner, Pixis, Herz and, of course, Liszt. The rivalry between Thalberg
and Liszt was largely fermented by the press. Berlioz became the champion of
the latter, while Fetis trumpeted the achievements of Thalberg. Liszt, at the
time of Thalberg' s arrival in Patis, was in Switzerland, where he had retired
with his mistress, the Comtesse Marie d' Agoult. It was she who wrote, under
Liszt's name, a disparaging attack on Thalberg, to which Fetis replied in
equally offensive terms. The so-called revolutionary princess, Princess
Belgiojoso, achieved a remarkable social coup when she persuaded the two virtuosi
to play at her Patis salon in a concert in aid of Italian refugees. As in other
such contests, victory was tactfully shared between the two. Thalberg played
his Moses Fantasy and Liszt answered with his new paraphrase from
Pacini's opera Niobe. The Princess declared Thalberg the first pianist
in the world, while Liszt, she said, was unique. She went on to commission a
series of variations on a patriotic theme from Bellini's I puritani from
the six leading pianists in Patis, a project to which Liszt, Thalberg, Chopin,
Pixis, Herz and Czerny contributed. This composite work, Hexameron, remained
in Liszt's concert repertoire.
Musical journalism has created a legend of
Thalberg's defeat and departure from Patis and of continuing rivalry between
him and Liszt. An element of competition remained, although there seems to have
been no open animosity, and Liszt wrote a letter of condolence to Thalberg's
widow after her husband's death in 1871. Thalberg enjoyed a career of the
greatest distinction, touring as far as the Americas, where Liszt never went,
with recitals in Brazil and Havana and an extended stay with the violinist
Vieuxtemps in the United States, where, in the space of two years, he gave 56
recitals in New York, with a repertoire chiefly but not exclusively devoted to
his own compositions. Liszt, meanwhile, included some of Thalberg's operatic
paraphrases and fantasies, which, through Marie d' Agoult, he had once publicly
seemed to disparage, in his own repertoire.
In 1843 in Paris, Thalberg had married
Cecchina, a daughter of the famous Italian bass Luigi Lablache, widow of the
painter Bouchot. Attempts at operatic composition proved unsuccessful, with Florinda,
staged in London in 1851 and Cristina di Svezia (Christina of
Sweden) in Vienna four years later. His career as a virtuoso continued until
1863, when he retired to Posilippo, near Naples, to occupy himself for his
remaining years primarily with his vineyards. He died there in 1871.
Thalberg's Piano Concerto in F minor,
Opus 5 is a relatively early work. The first movement opens with the
expected orchestral exposition, presenting two contrasting subjects, before the
entry of the soloist with an elaboration of the material. There is much scope
for virtuosity in what follows, in particular in a demanding and varied
cadenza. There is a brief orchestral introduction to the Adagio, with
continued suggestions that the music comes from a period when Chopin too was
starting to make a name for himself, although Thalberg is said to have found
the latter's relatively subdued nuances too underplayed. There is here,
however, a similar use of embellished operatic melody. The soloist offers
immediate contrast in the mood of the principal theme of the final Rondo, with
its varying episodes.
Souvenirs de Beethoven: Grande fantaisie
pour le piano sur la 7' Symphonie de
Beethoven, Opus 39 was written in the 1830s and finally published in 1840.
It starts with a passage that, in its figuration, seems to justify Liszt's
apparent reference to Thalberg as the Chevalier de Tremolo. There are
distant suggestions of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, duly transformed,
before the emergence of the principal theme of the Allegretto of the
second movement, here marked Andante, material which is then subject to
pianistic embellishment of increasing brilliance and intensity. The A major
section, transformed from its original, follows, before a due return to A minor
and further delicate display. Reminiscences of the last movement of the
symphony lead to other territory, now the final movement of the Fifth
Symphony, but it is to A minor and the second movement of the Seventh
Symphony that the Fantasy finally returns.
Thalberg's Nocturne in E major, Opus 28
dates from a similar period. This, no doubt, was the kind of music to which the
London critic James William Davison took such strong exception, in an
extravagantly alliterative review of 1842, referring to Thalberg's Andantes as
'pitifully puling and positively paralytic... wishy-washy, wallowing and
warm-waterish'. In fact the Nocturne is of particular interest as an
example of the form by a contemporary of Chopin, a composer that Davison with
similar ineptitude described as 'a morbidly sentimental flea'.
The Canzonette italienne, Opus 36, No.5
is also a work of the later 1830s. It starts with a flourish, before the
lyrical melody emerges, with its gently lilting accompaniment and subsequent
elaboration.
Un Soupir, Melodie variee offers
a melody of some charm, a musical sigh, as its title proclaims. This material
is lyrically developed, without recourse to unnecessary display, an appealing
postscript to music of more oven brilliance.
Keith Anderson
Francesco Nicolosi
Francesco Nicolosi was born in Catania in
1954 and studied first at the Liceo Musicale Vincenzo Bellini in his native
city, taking lessons from Giovanna Ferro and later from Vincenzo Vitale in
Naples, where he now lives. A prize-winner in 1980 at the Santander
International Competition and, in the same month, in Geneva, where his
performance of Mozart's Piano Concerto in D minor, K. 466 won the praise
of Clara Haskil, he has since secured a reputation as one of the most
interesting young pianists of his generation. He has performed in the concert
hall with leading orchestras, while in chamber music he has partnered the
distinguished Korean cellist Myung Wha Chung. His first compact disc recording,
in 1984, was devoted to transcriptions of Bellini by Liszt and Thalberg. In
1988 he gave the first performance in Italy of Tbalberg's Piano Concerto in
F minor. For Marco Polo he has recorded the complete Italian operatic
paraphrases of Thalberg.
Razumovsky Symphony Orchestra
The Razumovsky Symphony Orchestra was
established in 1995 and consists of the finest players of the Slovak
Philharmonic, Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra (Bratislava), Slovak Chamber
Orchestra and Opera Theatre Orchestra. The ensemble records exclusively for the
Naxos and Marco Polo labels.
Andrew Mogrelia
Andrew Mogrelia, in his flourishing
career, has conducted many of the leading orchestras in Britain, including the
BBC Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Orchestras in Scotland and in Wales,
appearing in major concert-halls. Abroad he has conducted orchestras in the
Netherlands, Eire, Australia, Hong Kong and the Czech and Slovak Republics and
has toured South America with the City of London Sinfonia. In addition to
activity in the concert-hall he has worked with many dance companies, including
the English and Dutch National Ballets, the
Netherlands Dance Theatre and the Birmingham Royal Ballet. He is
conductor-in-residence at the Birmingham Conservatoire and has appeared with
the Birmingham Contemporary Music Group. His many recordings include
ballet-music by Tchaikovsky, Delibes, Prokofiev and Adam for Naxos, as well as
orchestral music by Handel, Suk, Fibich and Novak for Naxos and Marco Polo.