Marcel Dupre (1886-1971) Works for Organ, Vol. 10 Marcel Dupre was born into a musical family in Rouen in 1886. His father was an organist who had been a...
Marcel Dupre
(1886-1971)
Works for Organ, Vol.
10
Marcel Dupre was born into a musical family in Rouen in 1886. His father
was an organist who had been a pupil of Guilmant, who became Marcel's teacher
from the time the boy was eleven Dupre was admitted to the Paris Conservatoire
at sixteen, and among his teachers was Widor, whose assistant he became at the
great church of St Sulpice in Paris four years later. Having won the coveted Grand
Prix de Rome in 1914, Dupre began his rise to fame with international
recital tours, in which he performed (in Paris and New York) Bach's complete
organ works from memory - a stunning feat which had been his ambition since he
was a child. His American debut concluded with an improvised four-movement
organ symphony, described at the time as "a musical miracle".
In 1925 he purchased a house in the Parisian suburb of Meudon, where he
had a house organ installed which had belonged to Guilmant. Pupils from all
over the world were soon to flock here. A year later he was appointed professor
of organ at the Paris Conservatoire, where his pupils included both Jehan and
Marie-Claire Alain, Jean Guillou, Jean Langlais, and Olivier Messiaen. He
succeeded Widor as organist of St Sulpice in 1934, where he remained for the
rest of his life, improvising (as has always been the custom in France) for the
Mass and Office, unfailingly matching the music to the occasion. He also
published a famous edition of Bach's organ works, as well as textbooks
including the well-known Cours d'improvisation. In the succeeding years
until his death in 1971 he received many honours and awards, and composed works
that now appear on recital programmes and in recordings all over the world. On
the morning of the very day of his death (at home in Meudon) he played his two
final Masses at St Sulpice.
Dupre's Scherzo, Op. 16 is a diabolical perpetuum mobile composed
around 1918, and is said by his friend Robert Delestre to be typical of the
postludes that he improvised following services in that period. It reveals his extraordinary
imaginative powers served by a flawless technique.
The Sixteen Chorales (Le tombeau de Titelouze), Op. 38,
dating from 1942, are conceived on several levels. Firstly, they are described
by the composer as pieces 'for beginners' (though they rise to a level of
considerable dexterity) and are carefully graded according to difficulty, with
Dupre's own fingering and pedalling added. Secondly, they celebrate one of the
great founders of French organ composition and playing, who lived and worked in
Dupre's home city, Rouen. Jehan Titelouze (c. 1563-1633) became a Canon at
Rouen Cathedral, and wrote two series of pieces on Latin hymns. Dupre
incorporates eight of those that his predecessor had set 300 years earlier. How
thrilled Titelouze would have been to have realised how masterfully the
tradition he had begun was still continued.
Annonciation (2 Meditations pour argue), Op. 56,
refers, of course, to the Angel Gabriel's Annunciation to the Virgin Mary. The
first Meditation, in E major, is profoundly meditative, alternating solo
passages with eerie pianissimo chords, symbolizing, perhaps, the
mysteriousness of Gabriel's message. The second, in G major, is in much the
same vein, the summation of a lifetime's playing, prayer and thought.
The six Chorales from Op. 28, are extremely short, and were
intended as even simpler exercises than the Sixteen Chorales. Here, the
intention is to prepare the young organist for similar pieces by Bach. Pieces
of such brevity find an ideal medium in recordings; the level of craftsmanship
is as fine as in more advanced works by this composer. (Other Chorales from
this set may be heard in Volumes 4, 5 and 9.)
The approach to composition by most French musicians is to write first
one piece, or section, then another and then another; unlike those of the
Austro-German tradition, they do not concern themselves with joining one theme
to another by sleight of hand. Trois Hymnes, Op. 58, completed between
1962 and 1963, well illustrate this manner of writing. The sections tend to be
cumulative in dynamics and tempo. In Matins the lonely call of the
clarinet stop alternating with a choir of flutes, is succeeded by a quicker,
watery series of sounds; quiet chords follow, and then a louder and more
energetic section arises. Another series of quiet chords introduce a toccata
for the full organ. Vespers is much more shadowy throughout. (The
largely sombre nature of these pieces relates to the fact that they were
written in memory of Andree Leblond, the granddaughter of the composer's revered
teacher Guilmant.) Lauds begins with the precipitate chords for which
Dupre had grown famous, but, after a short time, the music quietness down, and
then the dancing rhythms of a closing toccata begin.
Roger Rayner
Michael Keeley
Michael Keeley teaches the organ at the University of Illinois,
Urbana-Champaign and at Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington. He has
performed in the United States and Europe as a recitalist and soloist with
orchestras, as well as in the rôle of accompanist and continuo player. Michael
Keeley is also active as a church musician, serving several churches in
Wisconsin and Illinois. A native of Milwaukee, he began organ studies with his
father, a local musician and conductor. Michael Keeley holds degrees from a
number of universities and was awarded a Fulbright Study Grant to Austria in
1980 for further studies in organ and church music at the Musikhochschule in
Vienna.