Moritz Moszkowski (1854-1925) Piano Concerto in E major, Op. 59 Suite for Orchestra, "from Foreign Lands", Op, 23 Moritz Moszkowski was born in...
Moritz Moszkowski
(1854-1925)
Piano Concerto in E
major, Op. 59
Suite for Orchestra,
"from Foreign Lands", Op, 23
Moritz Moszkowski was born in Breslau on 23rd August, 1854, and began
his music studies in Dresden, eventually moving to Berlin to continue his
education with Kullak and Wüerst. He was an extraordinary pianist who toured
extensively throughout Europe. His debut in Berlin at the age of nineteen was
remarkable, prompting Franz Liszt to write admiringly of him. Frederick
Kitchener witnessed one of Moszkowski's recitals in England. He reported that
"the playing of Moszkowski was beautiful playing; there was no attempt to
astonish... a musician, not an acrobat was at the piano". According to Emil
Liebling, "considered as a pianist, Moszkowski is hors de concours...
Everything was done musically and with the utmost ease". Highly
influential as a teacher, Moszkowski taught at the Kullak Conservatory in
Berlin and later in Paris. Many Americans flocked to Europe to study with him
and illustrious pianists such as Josef Hofmann were among his pupils. For a
figure of such professional stature, his personal life in later years was less
fortunate. After an unsuccessful marriage to the pianist Cecile Chaminade's
sister, Georgette, he moved to Paris with his two children, a daughter, who
died shortly after their arrival in Paris, and a son. Through some unfortunate
carelessness Moritz Moszkowski lost the copyrights to his compositions during
the wars of 1914, and eventually died from a painful throat illness in near poverty
in Paris on 4th March, 1925.
Today, Moszkowski is best remembered for a few delightful piano pieces -
the Etudes, Opu, 72, Etineelles (Sparks), Opus 36, No. 6,
popularised by Hofmann and Horowitz, and his Spanish Dances, Opus 12,
for piano duet. Yet he composed operas, ballets, orchestral suites, songs,
concertos, and chamber music, almost all of which remain forgotten. No proper
re-assessment of Moszkowski's compositions has taken place nor has anyone
written a biography of this once influential teacher, pianist and composer.
Most writers on music, indeed, continue to repeat the pejorative term
"salon composer" when commenting on his work, an unfortunate state of
affairs. Much of Moszkowski's music is written for the piano. These works are
generally miniatures, always well-crafted and always very pianistic. His early
song cycles show an affinity for the voice and are written in a powerful style
that suggests the language of Brahms. The orchestral suites show him to be a
brilliant orchestrator, with a strong grasp of polyphony. The operas and
ballets show a keen understanding of theatrical music and have been performed
allover the world, while the piano and violin concertos are brilliant
showpieces, full of delightful melodies. Yet, despite all this musical
evidence, Moszkowski is not accorded much attention and is often considered
little more than a footnote in musical history. The Piano Concerto in E
major, Opus 59 is one of the extraordinary examples of romantic works in this
genre. According to the critic Edward Lippman this: "is the work of a man
who not only was familiar with innumerable concerti written over a period of
more than a century, but also was in command of every trick of the trade".
Moszkowski completed the concerto in 1898, dedicating it "à
Monsieur Josef Casimir Hofmann", a player who was to become one of the
greatest piano virtuosi of all time. The concerto is scored for the usual
woodwind, brass, and strings, but in addition, it makes occasional use of a
triangle and a harp. Somewhat unusual for a piano concerto is the key of E
major, and the fact that there are four movements instead of three. At the
beginning of this century, the Moszkowski concerto was very popular, appearing
frequently in the orchestral programmes of all the major orchestras of the
world, and championed by most of the major piano virtuosos of the time. When
another famous piano virtuoso, Fannie Bloomfield-Zeisler, toured the United
States during the 1906-7 season performing the concerto, Hobbard William Harris
provided the following musical analysis of the work (which became the standard
analysis for this work, reprinted in concert programmes for the next several
decades):
"The first movement is a brilliant composition, opening with what
may he taken as its principal theme, inasmuch as it furnishes most of the
material for the development, and also reappears in the last movement as a
climax to the whole work. The announcement of this resolute subject (by the
flutes and oboes accompanied lightly by other woodwind, and deeper strings) is
followed by a short solo cadenza, after which the unfolding of the musical
picture begins. As this proceeds several subsidiary melodies come to notice,
prominent among them being one which (while hinted at before) does not assume its
formal shape until given out, grazioso, by the pianoforte alone following a
short upward chromatic scale passage. This graceful subject aslo figure,
conspicuously in the development which, after passing through a succession of
interesting stages, culminates finally in a rousing climax.
The second movement is an eloquent, nocturne-like effusion, of which
the principal thematic element is the expressive subject given out softly at
the commencement by the clarinet, and bassoons, staccato, and the strings, pizzicato
- this being taken up shortly and carried on by the solo instrument. An
agreeably contrasting intermediary section follows, after which the expressive
first theme returns - now in the harp and strings against flowing figurations
in the solo instrument. Lastly a short free conclusion passage leads us into
the third movement. The Vivace is a lively, sparkling composition in
Moszkowski's characteristically brilliant manner, and commences with the
statement of a nimble running theme by the solo instrument. After this
vivacious subject and its derivatives have been worked over briefly another
buoyant theme comes to notice in the flutes and clarinets, over a strumming
guitar-like accompaniment in the pianoforte. The development from here runs
mainly on this theme, leading finally to a short cantabile passage for the solo
instrument (unaccompanied), following which the movement proceeds quickly to a
dashing conclusion.
The fourth and last movement opens with a short flourishing introductory
passage which leads to the statement of a resolute theme by the solo
instrument. After this has been developed at considerable length the pianoforte
introduces a contrasting theme of flowing character, to which the clarinet
attaches itself shortly. Presently the development of the resolute opening
theme is resumed, leading to the entrance of still another subject, given out
softy but decidedly by the clarinet and the violas, and worked up forthwith in
alternation and combination with the resolute opening theme. The flowing second
theme returns, the movement mounting thence to a climax, at the pinnacle of
which the resolute opening theme of the first movement reappears in enlarged
rhythm."
The six characteristic pieces Aus aller Herren Lander ('From
Foreign Lands'), Opus 23, were originally composed for piano duet and were
published in 1884. In the same year, Moszkowski also published them in an
orchestral arrangement, and they became an instant favourite on concert
programmes all over the world. The six miniatures are dance pieces, each
representing a different country, and in the original four-hand piano version
are ordered: Russian, German, Spanish, Polish, Italian and Hungarian. On this
recording, the suite is organized as follows Russian, Italian, German, Spanish,
Polish and Hungarian. The opening piece is a dreamy Rossian dance, somewhat
reminiscent of Tchaikovsky and Glazunov. Next is the Italian dance, a tarantella.
The stately German dance follows. A Spanish fandango is next, after
which we hear a fast Polish dance. The concluding Hungarian dance is a czardas. All
six of the dances show Moszkowski's mastery of style, each one a refined,
clear, graceful, articulated miniature, full of charm and rhythmically buoyant.
Markus Pawlik
Markus Pawlik is recognised as one of Germany's leading young concert
pianists. He began his career at an early age as the three time first prize
winner of the German National Young Musician's Competition (Jugend Musiziert)
and the first prize winner of the Steinway Competition in Hamburg and the
Cortot Competition in Milan. In 1982, sent as the German representative, he
became the first grand prize winner of the European Broadcasting Union's
televised Young Musician of the Year Competition, which brought him much
international acclaim. He has additionally been Finalist con Laureate in the
Busoni Competition in Bolzano and was a top prize winner in the Cleveland Robert Casadesus
Competition as well as the recipient of the special prize for the best
interpretation of a work by Casadesus. He has appeared widely as a soloist and
recitalist in cities such as Amsterdam, Berlin, Nice, Chicago, and at the
Schwetzinger Festspiele and been featured numerous times on radio and
television. A recipient of many prizes and scholarships, he has been awarded the
Bremen Music Prize and has studied with scholarships from the German government
and the Oskar & Vera Ritter Stiftung. He is also included in Steinway
Piano's roster as a Steinway Artist. Born in 1966 in Bremen, Markus Pawlik's
major teachers have been Karl-Heinz Kammerling and Naum Grubert.