Enrique Granados (1867-1916) Preludio en re mayor Danza lenta Escenas romanticas Barcarola Capricho espanol Libro de horas Paisaje Allegro appassionato...
Enrique Granados
(1867-1916)
Preludio en re mayor
Danza lenta Escenas romanticas Barcarola
Capricho espanol
Libro de horas Paisaje Allegro appassionato
Allegro de concierto
Enrique Granados was born 27th July 1867 in Lerida, near Barcelona. Son
of an army captain, he began piano study in 1879 and the following year he
continued with Joan Baptista Pujol (1835-1898) at the Academia Pujol. Three
years later he performed Schumann's Sonata, Op. 22, in an
academy-sponsored competition, for which one of the jury members was the noted
composer Felipe Pedrell (1841-1922). The sixteen-year-old Granados won the
competition and obviously impressed Pedrell, who began giving Granados classes
in harmony and composition in 1884.
In 1887 Granados went to Paris, where he studied with Charles de Beriot
(1833-1914). He was highly influenced by Beriot's insistence on tone-production
and pedal technique. In addition, Beriot emphasized improvisation in his
teaching, reinforcing Granados' natural ability in the skill. After returning
to Barcelona in 1889, he published his Danzas espanolas, which brought
him international recognition.
In his lifetime Granados performed concerts in Spain, France and New
York, collaborating with musicians such as Isaac Albeniz and Pablo Casals,
violinists Eugène Ysaye and Jacques Thibaud, pianists Mieczyslaw Horszowski and
Camille Saint-Saëns. In addition to his numerous piano works he composed
chamber music, vocal music, operas, and symphonic poems. Granados was also a
fine teacher and in 1901 he founded the Academia Granados, which produced such
noted musicians as Paquita Madrigueta, Conchita Badia, and Frank Marshall.
In 1912 Granados met American pianist Ernest Schelling, who was the
first pianist to perform Granados' music outside Spain. Schelling arranged for
Granados' works to be published in New York and encouraged him in his plans to
convert the piano suite Goyescas into an opera, later arranging for its
première at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.
Terrified of the ocean, Granados nevertheless sailed to New York for the
première of the opera on 28th January 1916. While in the United States he
performed numerous concerts, made piano-roll recordings, and also performed at
the White House in Washington. Granados and his wife set sail to Europe via
London but while crossing the English Channel on the British ship Sussex, their
boat was torpedoed by a German submarine and they both perished.
In around 1912 Granados wrote: "My motto has always been to
renounce an easy success in order to achieve one that is true and
lasting." Today, Granados is universally recognised as one of Spain's most
important composers. His music is multi-faceted, although it is essentially
Romantic with some Nationalist characteristics. He has been variously described
as "the Spanish Chopin", "the last Romantic", and by his
compatriots as "our Schubert". No single characterisation adequately
describes his personality. Granados had a distinctive voice that is instantly
recognisable and entirely his own.
Granados was primarily influenced by mid-nineteenth century European
Romanticism, especially the music of Schumann and Chopin. The introverted
luxuriance of his luminous harmonies, his rich palette of pianistic colour,
loose formal structures and his vivid imagination, always tinged with
nostalgia, place him firmly within the Romantic School. It has frequently been
commented that large forms such as sonatas and concertos did not attract Granados. His artistic personality was better
suited to shorter, rhapsodic forms, especially those based on variations.
The manuscript of Preludio
en re mayor ('Prelude in D major') is undated. In a letter written in
August, 1913, Granados mentions that he was preparing several works for
publication, among them Preludio en re mayor. Nevertheless, this
composition was not published. This is the first recording of Preludio en re
mayor.
Danza lenta (Slow Dance), published in 1914, is an inspired
and intimate work, dedicated to the memory of Vicente Esteve, one of the
composer's students.
One of Granados's
finest works is the lyric and emotionally charged suite Escenas romanticas ('Romantic
Scenes'), premièred in 1904. Escenas romanticas, with its combination of
elegance and passion, reveals the extent to which Granados was influenced by
Schumann and Chopin. The curious title of the fourth movement, derived from
Schumann's Album for the Young, Op. 68, represents an emotion so intense
it cannot be named. Epilago-Andante spianato, which uses a tempo
indication copied after Chopin's Op. 22, Andante spianato et Grande
Polonaise Brilliante, is one of Granados's most emotional works, pouring
forth poetic exaltation.
Barcarola('Barcarole'), which is almost as brooding and
sensitive as it is compelling, was dedicated to the eminent French composer
Jules Massenet (1842-1912).
Capricha espanol ('Spanish Caprice'), written about 1890, was
dedicated to Eduardo Conde, whose generosity enabled Granados to study in
Paris. The opus numbers given to some of Granados's works are completely
unreliable. For example, Capricho espanol was published as Op. 37, the
same opus number later assigned to Danza lenta and Sardana.
Libra de horas ('Book of Hours') represents Granados's closest
association with the cultural movement in Barcelona known as Modernismo, parallel
to Art Nouveau. The modernismo concept of beauty, which was
inspired by Nature and filled with longing for the past, was expressed by
curving lines joining together in gradual undulations, akin to the sinuous
melodic curves of En el jardin ('In the Garden'). Throughout his life
Granados was captivated by the song of the nightingale and incorporated an
evocation of the bird's song in El invierno-La muerte del ruisenor ('Winter-Death
of the Nightingale') as well as in his masterpiece Quejas o la maja y el
ruisenor from Goyescas (Naxos 8.554403). Al suplicio ('Praying'),
full of fervent devotion, contains a melody virtually identical to one from
another of the Goyescas-EI amar y la muerte.
Paisaje ('Landscape') is an Impressionist-style tone
painting, written in about 1912 and dedicated to Ernest Schelling.
The undated manuscript
of Allegro appassionato was found in the Granados Archive. For this
performance, which is the first recording of Allegro appassionato, the
final chord was added.
Allegro de
concierto ('Concert Allegro'),
is one of Granados's most popular compositions. In 1903 Tomas Breton, then
Director of the Madrid Conservatory announced a competition for composers to
write an Allegro de concierto to be used as an examination work for graduating
piano students. There were twenty-four entries. Granados was declared the
winner and Manuel de Falla was recognized with an honorable mention. Allegro
de concierto is one of Granados's most brilliant and virtuosic
compositions.
Douglas Riva