Marina Mescheriakova - Soprano Arias
Eugene Onegin Norma Don Carlo Luisa Miller
Living in a global world, we rarely consider how many opera
singers in the last fifty years have triumphed, at least in part, because of a
particular cultural background which shone through their public image. Maria
Callas's blend of Greek, American and Italian culture, for instance, was an
essential ingredient of her perceived persona, just as Leontyne Price's
descent, with African-American memories of deportation and slavery, must have
helped with the creation of her unforgettable Aida.
Nowadays we can still detect regional varieties of taste
when comparing opera programmes in Italy, France, Germany, Britain, the United
States and Japan, but extending comparisons over the last fifty years, a
growing harmonization is undeniable almost anywhere, except in the former
Soviet Union. There things only now start to respond: only in 2002, for
instance, did the St Petersburg's Mariinsky stage their première of Mozart's
Così fan tutte.
Ten years ago the programme of the recital here recorded
would never have been the choice of a Russian soprano. Until the final days of
the Soviet era, Russian performers and opera lovers could know Luisa Miller,
Maria Stuarda and La Vestale only from hearsay. Recordings of Callas or
Sutherland were restricted to a tiny elite of well-connected connoisseurs, and
even arias from standard operatic repertoire like Ernani or Norma were rarely,
if ever, heard in their original context.
In other words Marina Mescheriakova's choice of programme
here is motivated by entirely personal reasons, founded on expatriation and
cross-cultural encounters. Life-stories like hers are generally squeezed into
the uninspiring bio format, but become very interesting when read like an
explorer's logbook. We can say, in fact, that this recital charts the exploration
of the global operatic repertoire by a brave and talented young lady from
Russia.
Composed in 1844 and based on the ultra-romantic stage
success Hernani by Victor Hugo, Ernani is Verdi's first opera set in Spain, one
of a series including Il trovatore, La forza del destino and Don Carlos. All
these operas present sharp contrasts between day and night, love and duty,
personal ethics and religion, young and old, contrasts on which Verdi thrived.
In Ernani, Ernani, involami Leonora feels like a hostage in the castle of the
old aristocrat Silva who wants to marry her. She hopes to be kidnapped by the
bandit hero Ernani: his mountain cave will be heaven, compared with her gilded
cage. In the closing cabaletta she bursts into an outright declaration of love.
Bellini is a supreme stylist in Italian opera, a strict
observer of quintessential elegance. His melodies curl snake-like around long
sustained arches, accompaniments are kept at a meaningful minimum, chorus words
become pointillist syllables detached by long pauses. With a libretto again
based on a French play, the lyric tragedy Norma was first staged at La Scala,
Milan, in 1831. Norma is a druid priestess and Casta diva is her prayer to the
Moon, as she performs a sacred rite in the woods of Celtic France. It is a
glowing moment of beauty, as she tries to silence the anger of a community
under Roman rule, and stifle her own sense of guilt at her association with her
people's enemy.
Verdi and his wife loved the city of Genoa, where they often
spent the winter at the lavish Palazzo Doria. An aural counterpart of seascapes
he loved and knew so well, the aria Come in quest'ora bruna, from the revised
1881 Simon Boccanegra is an epitome of Verdi's mature style. From a terrace in
Genoa Amelia looks at the sea at sunrise. She believes herself to be an orphan
and has flashing memories of her dying mother. She does not know what her
future will be, considering her adoptive family's strict code of honour.
Verdi's opera Don Carlos, based on a French version of Schiller's
dramatic poem, had its first performance, with a French libretto, in Paris in
1867. The Italian version was first staged at La Scala in 1884. It centres on
the conflict between Don Carlos and his father, Philip II of Spain, who has
married Elisabeth de Valois, originally intended as a wife for Don Carlos. In
Tu che le vanità Elisabeth de Valois, in a crypt, addresses her plea for
sympathy to the tomb of Charles V. She had hoped to marry Don Carlo and herald
a new age, but is now the loveless wife of his father, who is ready to kill his
son. All dreams have vanished. She feels ready to die. This black, pessimistic
scene is central not only to Don Carlo, but to Verdi's whole idea of drama.
From Oberto to the end, Falstaff included, Verdi obsessively presents people
who speak to, but do not really understand each other. This failure in
communication is particularly prevalent between generations, as in Rigoletto or
Boccanegra, but nowhere does it appear as fatal as in this portrait of a young
woman reduced to converse with the dead.
Verdi's many prayer scenes are sometimes explained as an
Italian stereotype, derived from familiar Catholic ritual. Strangely, however,
these prayers never seem to yield any result. In fact, in Verdi's idea they are
addressed to an empty sky, and that is precisely why they are so tragic. Based
on Schiller's Kabale und Liebe, the opera Luisa Miller was first staged in
Naples in 1849. In Tu puniscimi, o Signore Luisa Miller prays in desperation,
as Count Walter's steward, Wurm, threatens her imprisoned father, demanding
that she renounce the Count's son, Rodolfo, and elope with him. She is forced
to renounce Rodolfo, but in the end the lovers die together, after Rodolfo has
killed Wurm.
Schiller's Maria Stuart was popular in nineteenth-century
Italy in its depiction of a Catholic heroine, martyred by her Protestant rival.
Donizetti's opera on the subject had a difficult early history, banned by royal
command in Naples, where it was to have been first staged, and provoking
censorship in Milan in 1835 in a period when the execution of monarchs was a
subject better avoided. In her cavatina O nube! che lieve per l'aria ti aggiri
Mary strolls in the park of Fotheringay where she is kept a prisoner. She
enjoys this brief semblance of freedom: the sight of clouds moving East stirs
memories of her youth. Then she realises that Queen Elisabeth is hunting
nearby, and has mixed feelings at the prospect of meeting her face-to-face.
The Italian composer Spontini established himself in
Napoleonic Paris in 1807 with his opera La Vestale, a work much encouraged by
the Empress Josephine. The opera was revived by Arturo Toscanini in the early
twentieth century and the aria O nume tutelar is taken from that Italian
version, made popular by Rosa Ponselle, Anita Cerquetti and Maria Callas. A
priestess of the Roman goddess Vesta, Giulia kneels before her altar to confess
her guilt. Bound by a vow of chastity, she is in love with a man.
Tatiana's Letter Scene from Tchaikovsky's 1878 opera Eugene
Onegin is possibly the most famous letter scene in the history of opera. Here
the ingenuous young heroine writes of her love for Onegin, a careless young man
of the world, who is to reject her. The scene unfolds in an impromptu form
reminiscent of Chopin, ideal backdrop for a romantic 1830 debutante. With its
demand for a wide palette of emotions and vocal colours, it is also above all
the text of maturity for a Russian lyric soprano.
Rachmaninov's operas returned to Russian repertoire in the
1970s, when performances of his and Stravinsky's earlier, pre-Stalinist works
were again allowed. Composed on a libretto by Tchaikovsky's brother Modest,
based on Dante's story of the ill-fated lovers Paolo Malatesta and Francesca, his
brother's wife. Francesca da Rimini, first staged at the Bolshoy in 1906, is a
twisted masterpiece worth a wider reputation. Married to sadistic Lanceotto,
whom she betrayed with his brother Paolo, Francesca is one of the most pathetic
characters in Dante's Inferno, condemned to fly eternally in a cold, stormy
wind.
Carlo Majer
[1] Rachmaninov:
Francesca da Rimini, Act I:
Francesca's
Aria
FRANCESCA
O, nye riday, moy Paolo, nye nado...
Pust'nye dano nam znat' lobzaniy,
puskay my zdyed razlúcheni...
Nedolog srok zemnikh skitaniy,
mel'knút, kak mig, zemniye sni!
Nye plach', tsenoy zemnikh mucheniy
Nas zhdyot s toboy blazhenstvo tam,
gdye nyet tenyey, gdye nyet lisheniy,
gdye u lyubvi netl enniy khram!
Tam, v visotye, za gran'yu mira,
v tvoikh ob'yatiyakh parya,
v lazúri svyetlovo efira
ya búdu v vyechnosti tvoya!...
[2] tchaikovsky:
Eugene Onegin, Act I:
Tatiana's
Letter Scene
TATYANA
Puskay pogibnu ya, no pryezhde
ya v oslepitel'noy nadyezhde
blazhenstvo tomnoye zovú,
ya nyegu zhizni uznayú!
Ya p'yu volshebniy yad zhelani!
menya preslyeduyut mechti!
Vezdye, vezdye peredo mnoy
moy iskusitel' rokovoy!
Vezdye, vezdye,on predo mnoyu!
Nyet, vsyo ne to!
Nachnú snachala!
Akh, shto so mnoy, ya vsya goryú...
Ne znayu, kak nachat'!
"Ya k vam pishú,...
chevo zhe bolye?
Shto ya mogú yeshcho skazat'?
Tepyer ya znayu, v vashey volye
menya prezryenyem nakazat'!
No vi,k moyey neschastnoy dolye
khot' kaplyu zhalosti khranya,
vi ne ostavitye menya.
Snachala ya molchat' khotyela;
povyer'te, moyevo stida
vi ne uznali b nikogda, nikogda!"
O da, klyalas' ya sokhranit' v dushye
priznan'ye v strasti pilkoy i bezúmnoy!
Uvi! Ne v silakh ya vladyet'svoyey dushoy!
Pust' búdet to,shto bit' dolzhno so mnoy!
Yemú priznayus' ya! Smelyey!
On vsyo uznayet!
"Zachem,zachem vi posetili nas?
V glushi zabitovo selyen'ya
ya b nikogda ne znala vas,
ne znala b gor'kovo muchen'ya.
Dushi neopitnoy volnyen'ya
smiriv,so vryemenem,kak znat'?
Po syerdtsu ya nashla bi drúga,
bila bi vyernaya suprúga
i dobrodyetel'naya mat'..."
Drugoy! Nyet, nikomú na svyete
ne otdala bi syerdtsa ya!
To v vishnem suzhdeno sovyete,
to volya nyeba:ya tvoya!
Vsya zhizn' moya bila zalogom
svidan'ya vyernovo s toboy;
ya znayu: ti mnye poslan Bogom
do groba ti khranitel' moy!
Ti v snovidyen'yakh mnye yavlyalsa,
nezrimi, ti uzh bil mnye mil,
tvoy chúdniy vzglyad menya tomil,
v dushye tvoy golos razdavalsa.
Davno... nyet
eto bil ne son!
Ti chut' voshol, ya vmig. Uznala
vsya obomlyela, zapilala,
i v mislyakh molvila:
vot on! vot on!
Ne pravda l'! Ya tebya slikhala...
Ti govoril so mnoy v tishi,
kogda ya byednim pomogala,
ili molitvoy uslazhdala toskú dushi?
I v eto samoye mgnovyen'ye
ne ti li, miloye vidyen'ye,
v prozrachnoy temnotye mel'knúl,
Priniknuv tikho k izgolov'yu
Ne ti l', s otradoy i lyubov'yu,
slova nadyezhdi mnye shepnúl?
"Kto ti: moy angel li khranitel'
Íli kovarniy iskusitel'?
Moi somnyen'ya razreshi.
Bit' mozhet, eto vsyo pustoye,
obman neopitnoy dushi,
i suzhdeno sovsyem inoye?"
No tak i bit'! Sud'bú moyú
otnine ya tebye vruchayu,
pered toboyu slyozi l'yu,
tvoyey zashchiti umolyayu,umolyayu.
Voobrazi: ya zdyes odna!
Nikto menya nye ponimayet!
Rassúdok moy iznemogayet,
i molcha gibnut' ya dolzhna!
Ya zhdu tebya, ya zhdu tebya!
Yedinim slovom
Nadyezhdi syerdtsa ozhivi,
il' son tyazholiy perervi,
uvi, zaslúzhennim,
uvi, zaslúzhennim ukorom!
Konchayu! Strashno perechest'
stidom i strakhom zamirayu
no mnye porúkoy vasha chest'.
I smyelo yey sebya vverayu!
[3] Verdi:
Don Carlo, Act V:
Tu
che le vanità
ELISABETTA
Tu che le vanità conoscesti del mondo
e godi nell'avel il riposo profondo,
se ancor si piange in cielo, piangi sul mio dolore,
e porta il pianto mio al trono del Signore.
Carlo qui verrà, sì!
Che parta e scordi omai...
A Posa di vegliar sui giorni suoi giurai.
Ei segua il suo destin, la gloria il traccierà.
Per me, la mia giornata a sera è giunta già!
O Francia, nobile suol, sì caro ai miei verd'anni!
Fontainebleau! ver voi schiude il pensiero, i vanni.
Eterno giuro d'amor là Dio da me ascoltò,
e quest'eternità un giorno solo durò.
Tra voi, vaghi giardin di questa terra d'Ibera,
se Carlo ancor dovrà fermar i passi a sera,
che le zolle, i ruscelli, i fonti,
i boschi, i fior,
con le loro armonie cantino il nostro amor.
Addio, bei sogni d'ôr, illusion perduta!
Il nodo si spezzò, la luce è fatta muta!
Addio, verd'anni, ancor! cedendo al duol crudel,
il core ha un sol desir: la pace dell'avel!
Tu che le vanità conoscesti del mondo
e godi nell'avel il riposo profondo,
se ancor si piange in cielo, piangi sul mio dolore,
e il tuo col pianto mio al trono del Signore,
e il tuo col pianto mio reca appie del Signor.
[4] Verdi:
Luisa Miller, Act II:
Tu
puniscimi, O Signore
LUISA
Tu puniscimi, o Signore,
se t'offesi e paga io sono
ma de' barbari al furore
non lasciarmi in abbandono.
A scampar da fato estremo
innocente genitor
chieggon essi, a dirlo io fremo,
chieggon essi della figlia il disonor!
[5] Verdi:
Simon Boccanegra, Act I:
Come
in quest'ora bruna
AMELIA
Come in quest'ora bruna
sorridon gli astri e il mare!
Come s'unisce, o luna,
all'onda il tuo chiaror!
Amante amplesso pare
di due verginei cor!
Ma gli astri e la marina
che pingono alla mente
dell'orfana meschina?...
La notte atra, crudel,
quando la pia morente
sclamò: ti guardi il ciel.
O altero ostel, soggiorno
di stirpe ancor più altera,
il tetto disadorno
non obliai per te!...
Solo in tua pompa austera
amor sorride a me...
S'inalba il ciel, ma l'amoroso canto
non s'ode ancora!...
Ei mi terge.ogni dì, come l'aurora
la rugiada dei fior, del ciglio il pianto.
[6] Bellini:
Norma, Act I:
Casta
Diva
NORMA
Casta Diva, che inargenti
queste sacre antiche piante,
al noi volgi il bel sembiante,
senza nube e senza vel!
CORO
Casta Diva, che inargenti
queste sacre antiche piante,
al noi volgi il bel sembiante,
senza nube e senza vel!
NORMA
Tempra, o Diva,tempra tu de' cori ardenti,
tempra ancora lo zelo audace.
spargi in terra quella pace
che regnar tu fai nel ciel.
CORO
Diva, spargi in terra
quella pace che regnar
tu fai nel ciel.
NORMA
Fine al rito.
E il sacro bosco
sia disgombro dai profani.
Quando il Nume irato e fosco
chiegga il sangue dei Romani,
dal druidico delubro
la mia voce tuonerà.
CORO
Tuoni,e un sol del popolo empio
non isfugga al giusto scempio;
e primier da noi percosso
il Proconsole cadrà.
NORMA
Cadrà! Punirlo io posso.
(Ma punirlo il cor non sa.)
(Ah! bello a me ritorna
del fido amor primiero,
e contro il mondo intiero
difesa a te sarò.
Ah! bello a me ritorna
del raggio tuo sereno
e vita nel tuo seno
e patria e cielo avrò.)
CORO
Ma irato, sì, il Dio t'affretta
che il Tebro condannò!
NORMA
(Ah! riedi ancora qual eri allora,
quando il cor ti diedi allora,
qual eri allor, ah, riedi a me!)
[7] donizetti:
Maria Stuarda, Act II:
O nube! che lieve per l'aria t'aggiri
MARIA STUARDA
O nube! che lieve per l'aria t'aggiri,
tu reca il mio affetto, tu reca i sospiri
al suolo beato che un dì mi nudrì.
Deh! scendi cortese,
m'accogli sui vanni,
mi rendi a quel suolo, m'invola agli affanni!
Ma cruda la nube pur essa fuggì
al suolo beato che un dì mi nudrì.
Nella pace del mesto riposo
vuol colpirmi di nuovo spavento.
Io la chiesi, e vederla non oso,
tal coraggio nell'alma non sento!
Resti, resti sul trono adorata,
il suo sguardo da me sia lontan,
troppo, troppo, son io disprezzata;
tace in tutti per me la pietà.
[8] spontini:
La Vestale, Act II:
O nume tutelar
GIULIA
O nume tutelar degl'infelici
Latona, odi i miei prieghi;
l'ultimo voto mio ti mova, o nume,
pria che al destino io soccomba,
fa che dalla mia tomba
s'allontani l'adorato oggetto
per cui morte m'attende.
[9] verdi:
Ernani, Act I:
Surta è la notte ... Ernani, involami
ELVIRA
Surta è la notte, e Silva non ritorna!
Ah, non tornasse ei più!
Questo odiato veglio,
che quale immondo spettro ognor m'insegue,
col favellar d'amore,
più sempre Ernani mi configge in core.
Ernani!... Ernani, involami
all'aborrito amplesso.
Fuggiamo... se teco vivere
mi sia d'amor concesso,
per antri e lande inospiti
ti seguirà il mio piè.
Un Eden di delizia
saran quegli antri a me.
Tutto sprezzo, che d'Ernani
non favella a questo core.
Non v'ha gemma che in amore
possa l'odio tramutar.
Vola, o tempo, e presto reca
di mia fuga il lieto istante,
vola, o tempo, al core amante
è supplizio l'indugiar.