SHOSTAKOVICH: Ballet Suites Nos. 1-4
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Dmitry SHOSTAKOVICH (1906-1975) Ballet Suites Nos. 1-4 Although the symphonies, string quartets and concertos represent the core of his achievement,...
Dmitry SHOSTAKOVICH (1906-1975)
Ballet Suites Nos. 1-4
Although the symphonies, string quartets and concertos
represent the core of his achievement, Shostakovich
evinced sympathies right across the musical spectrum:
hence his oft-repeated comment that he enjoyed all
music from Bach to Offenbach. Moreover, the revival in
recent years of such works as his 1958 musical
Moscow-Cheryomushki attests to a composer who
entered into the spirit of 'light music' with enjoyment
and enthusiasm. Certainly the music on this disc will
come as a surprise to those who know Shostakovich
only as a 'serious' composer in the Beethoven tradition.
The four Ballet Suites occupy an equivocal position
in Shostakovich's output. The Zhdanov Decree, issued
by Minister of Culture Andrey Zhdanov as a directive
from Stalin in January 1948, castigated Shostakovich,
along with a number of leading Soviet composers, for
'formalist perversions' such as made their music
unsuitable for the edification of the Soviet people. From
then until Stalin's death in March 1953, Shostakovich
wrote 'serious' music strictly for the desk drawer and
occasional private performance. His public presence
was denoted by a stream of film scores and patriotic
pieces - never less than expertly crafted, but offering
little or no indication of where his musical instincts
truly lay.
It is from this perspective that the Ballet Suites
should be assessed: light music, seemingly incapable of
causing offence, which made ideal material for radio
broadcasts and promotion through 'approved' Soviet
outlets. Editing was carried out by Lev Atovmyan
(1901-1973), Shostakovich's amanuensis over many
years, who also arranged suites from a number of the
composer's film scores and official compositions. That
the constituent pieces were extracted mainly from
ballets proscribed under the dictates of Socialist
Realism was an irony of which those in charge were
quite likely unaware.
Eleven of the 21 numbers here are taken from the
ballet The Limpid Stream: actually the name of a
collective farm, where a musicians' collective entertains
the farm-workers in a succession of dance routines,
held together by the flimsiest of plots, that ought to have
been a sure-fire success. Its première in Leningrad
during June 1935, followed by a Moscow staging that
November, had indeed attracted favourable notices, but
the falling-away of Shostakovich's reputation,
following Pravda's denunciation of the opera Lady
Macbeth of Mtsensk in January 1936, put paid to further
productions.
That this ballet was ideally suited to the
requirements of 'light music' is evident in Ballet Suite
No. 1 (1950). After a moody Lyric Waltz taken from
Jazz Suite No. 1 (Naxos 8.555949) and more fully
orchestrated, there follow three numbers from The
Limpid Stream: a Dance faintly reminiscent of the
scherzo from Tchaikovsky's Fourth Symphony; a
halting, wistful Romance delicately scored for
woodwind and upper strings, and a lively Polka of the
type to which Shostakovich had recourse frequently
over the years. Next comes an insouciant Waltz-scherzo
from the 1931 ballet The Bolt, and not included in the
suite (also known as Ballet Suite No. 5, Naxos
8.555949), before a manic Galop from The Limpid
Stream (and used as an interlude in Moscow-
Cheryomushki) concludes the sequence.
Two numbers from The Limpid Stream open Ballet
Suite No. 2 (1951), a rumbustious Waltz, and a lengthy
Adagio which features an expressively-wrought
contribution from solo cello. Jazz Suite No. 1 is the
source of the cavorting Polka that ensues, while the
aptly-titled Sentimental Romance is taken from the
little-known score that Shostakovich provided for the
1934 animation film The Tale of a Priest and his
Servant Balda. Meanwhile Michurin, the name of an
eminent Russian horticulturist (1855-1935) and the title
of a 1948 film by Alexander Dovzhenko to which
Shostakovich contributed music, provides the amiable
Spring Waltz, and The Limpid Stream is accessed once
again for the hectic Finale, in which an appearance of a
motif from the closing number of The Bolt demonstrates
Shostakovich was second to none when it came to
recycling worthwhile ideas between works.
Ballet Suite No. 3 (1952) is derived from two
sources. The incidental music for Pavel Sukhotin's
1934 production of Balzac's The Human Comedy yields
the lively opening Waltz, a fetching Gavotte, which
could almost pass as a mid-century reorchestration of
Delibes or Messager, and an Elegy, whose main melody
ranks among Shostakovich's most personable melodic
inspirations. Before that, The Limpid Stream provides a
Dance which recalls - or rather anticipates - the famous
Galop from Kabalevsky's ballet The Comedians, as
well as the final two numbers: a Waltz, which is the
essence of the 'light music' aesthetic, and a Galop
which propels the suite to a suitably energetic finish.
In contrast to its predecessors Ballet Suite No. 4
(1953) features only three movements, each of which is
taken from a different source. The Limpid Stream
furnishes a lengthy and, given the context, surprisingly
sombre variation-sequence that constitutes the Prelude,
building in a crescendo to a powerful climax, before
returning to its initial calm. Song of the Great Rivers
(also known as Unity), a 1954 documentary scarcely
known in the West, provides the entertaining Waltz,
while The Bolt is pressed into service for the Scherzo
that provides an energetic conclusion to a suite which
widens the emotional scope of the format in comparison
to those that came before it.
And that was that, as far as Ballet Suites were
concerned. Rehabilitated as a composer following
Stalin's death, and the success of his Tenth Symphony
[Naxos 8.550326] spreading across Europe and the
United States, Shostakovich felt able to begin releasing
works previously kept under wraps, and to reassert
himself as a major creative force. Yet given the
consistent quality of the music contained herein, as well
as the return to favour of the 'light music' genre, it
seems a pity not to put extra-musical considerations
aside and enjoy these Ballet Suites for the pleasure they
undoubtedly provide.
Richard Whitehouse
Ballet Suite No. 1 (ed. Lev Atovmyan) (more info)
-
Lyric Waltz (Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1) - 2:07
-
Dance (The Limpid Stream) - 1:19
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Romance (The Limpid Stream) - 2:46
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Polka (The Limpid Stream) - 1:47
-
Waltz-scherzo (The Bolt) - 3:05
-
Galop (The Limpid Stream) - 1:41
Ballet Suite No. 2 (ed. Lev Atovmyan) (more info)
-
Waltz (The Limpid Stream) - 2:17
-
Adagio (The Limpid Stream) - 7:02
-
Polka (Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1) - 2:07
-
Sentimental Romance (The Tale of a Priest and His Servant Balda) - 2:44
-
Spring Waltz (Michurin) - 2:17
-
Finale (Galop) (Limpid Stream) - 3:27
Ballet Suite No. 3 (ed. Lev Atovmyan) (more info)
-
Waltz (The Human Comedy) - 2:35
-
Gavotte (The Human Comedy) - 2:11
-
Dance (The Limpid Stream) - 2:05
-
Elegy (The Human Comedy) - 3:35
-
Waltz (The Limpid Stream) - 1:50
-
Galop (The Limpid Stream) - 3:03
Ballet Suite No. 4 (ed. Lev Atovmyan) (more info)
-
Prelude (Variation) (The Limpid Stream) - 5:03
-
Waltz (The Song of Great Rivers) - 3:31
-
Scherzo (The Bolt) - 3:38