Reza Vali (b. 1952)
Concerto for Flute and Orchestra Folk Songs (Set No. 10)
Deylamân
Reza Vali was born in Ghazvin, Persia (Iran), in 1952, and
began his music studies at the Tehran Conservatory of Music. In 1972 he went to
Austria and studied music education and composition at the Academy of Music in
Vienna. After graduating, he moved to the United States and continued his
studies at the University of Pittsburgh, where he completed his doctorate in
music theory and composition in 1985. Vali's compositions include pieces for
large orchestra, string quartet, piano and voice, and chamber ensemble. He has
been a faculty member of the School of Music at Carnegie Mellon University
since 1988, and has received numerous honours and commissions, including the
honour prize of the Austrian Ministry of Arts and Sciences, two Andrew W.
Mellon Fellowships, commissions from the Boston Modern Orchestra Project, the
Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble, Kronos Quartet, the Seattle Chamber Players, the
Arizona Friends of Chamber Music, and the Northeastern Pennsylvania
Philharmonic, as well as grants from the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts and
the Pittsburgh Board of Public Education. In December 1991 he was selected by
the Pittsburgh Cultural Trust as the Outstanding Emerging Artist for which he
received the Creative Achievement Award. Vali's compositions have been
performed in the United States, Europe, South America, Mexico, Hong Kong, and
Australia and have been recorded on the New Albion, MMC, Ambassador, and ABC
Classics labels.
My Concerto for Flute and Orchestra was commissioned by the
Boston Modern Orchestra Project and was first performed in Boston on 13th
February 1998 by Alberto Almarza, solo flute, and the Boston Modern Orchestra
Project conducted by Gil Rose. The two movements of the work have as their main
influences both Persian classical and folk-music. The first movement is scored
for flute, strings, percussion, and harp. The flautist uses a technique
involving simultaneous playing and singing which brings out the overtones and
alters the timbre of the instrument. This technique is used to imitate the
sound of the Persian bamboo flute, the ney. The very fast second movement uses
rhythmic cycles which represent cycles called dowr in medieval Persian music.
One such cycle contains seventeen beats that are subdivided 5+5+7. First
introduced by the darabukâ (Middle-Eastern drum), this cycle becomes an
ostinato as the movement continues. The second movement is based more on
Persian folk-music and has a great deal of dance character. In the final
cadenza, the concerto comes full circle as the flautist returns to the
technique of simultaneous singing and playing. The Concerto for Flute and
Orchestra is dedicated to Alberto Almarza and Gil Rose.
In 1978, I started writing a series of compositions based on
Persian folk-music. These works consist of sets of folk-songs (each set
containing four to eight songs) written for voice and orchestra, voice and
piano, or instrumental ensembles without voice. Folk Songs (Set No. 10),
completed in September 1992, is the tenth set of this ongoing cycle. It was
commissioned by the Pittsburgh New Music Ensemble and supported by a grant from
the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. The piece consists of four songs, two of
which (songs No. 2 and No. 4) are based on authentic Persian folk-melodies.
Songs No. 1 and No. 3 are composed in the style of a folk-song (imaginary
folk-song). The third song (Lament) is a funeral dirge composed in memory of
Olivier Messiaen. Folk Songs (Set No. 10) is dedicated to my wife, Nan, with
love and appreciation for her support of my music.
Deylamân (pronounced day-lah-Mohn) is the name of a region
in northwestern Persia (Iran) as well as the name of a mode which originates
from this region. The musical syntax of Deylamân is strongly influenced by the
Persian modal system (Dastgâh). The composition begins with an allusion to the
Persian mode of Homayoon followed by the mode of Dashti. Successive
superimpositions of the tetrachords of these two modes result in a special type
of Persian polyphony. In the second section, the music leaves Persian territory
and moves into the world. Short quotations from the music of Europe (Beethoven,
Bruckner, Mahler, Wagner), Africa (African folk-song), and Latin America
(Peruvian folk-song) are interwoven, all intersecting on the intervals of the
perfect fifth and the perfect fourth which I believe are the intervals most
fundamental to all humans. In the third section, the two Persian modes are
heard in reverse order. This time the mode Dashti is followed by the mode
Homayoon, and the piece mirrors the way it began. Two Persian instruments, the
ney and the barbat (oud), are added to the Western symphony orchestra in
Deylamân. In this recording, the sound of the ney is produced by a Western
flute employing the extended technique of simultaneous singing and playing
(this technique is further developed in the Concerto for Flute and Orchestra).
Deylamân was completed in 1995 and is dedicated to Gil Rose and the Boston
Modern Orchestra Project.
Reza Vali