Guitar Recital: David Martinez
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David Martinez - Guitar Recital Scarlatti Regondi Bach Aguada Sainz de la Maza De Lucia Tarrega Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757) . Sonata K 208 Sonata K 209...
David Martinez - Guitar Recital
Scarlatti Regondi Bach Aguada Sainz de la Maza De Lucia Tarrega
Domenico Scarlatti (1685-1757).
Sonata K 208
Sonata K 209
Sonata K 32
Sonata K 27
Born in the same year as Handel and J. S. Bach,
Domenico Scarlatti was a Neapolitan but settled in the
Iberian peninsula, first in Portugal and then in Spain,
where the rhythms and sometimes the harmonies of the
Spanish guitar strongly influenced many of the 555
sonatas he wrote for the harpsichord. In binary form,
they have nothing to do with the later classical sonata
form, and often transcribe excellently for the guitar. In
their original form they embody astonishing advances in
keyboard technique, scarcely possible for a single
guitarist (who needs two fingers to play a single note),
but a considerable number of the sonatas benefit
positively from the wide expressive range that a guitar
can bring to them, and guitarists have not been slow to
realise that potential. K 208 is an example, a melody that
may be embellished with Baroque ornaments at the
player's discretion, though at some risk of destroying the
sublime simplicity of Scarlatti's inspiration. A certain
amount of embellishment was necessary on the
harpsichord, which is even more incapable than the
guitar of playing a note with true sustaining power. In
the contrasting liveliness of K 209, there is less need.
The arpeggio flourish that opens K 32 may remind you
of the flamenco forms that are now so familiar. Not only
in this sonata but in the following K 27, the guitar has
had an unmistakable influence on Scarlatti's
composition. No wonder that guitarists regard his music
as a gold-mine.
Giulio Regondi (1822-1872)
Introduction et Caprice, Op. 23
The Italian-born Regondi successfully survived early
exploitation as a child prodigy, becoming much sought
after, particularly in England, where he spent most of his
fifty years, as a virtuoso guitarist, a composer of solo
guitar pieces in the best Romantic traditions of Chopin
and Schumann, and, perhaps surprisingly, a master of
the Wheatstone concertina, at that time a new invention,
for which he composed many works.
Regondi's Introduction et Caprice for solo guitar is
typical of his best work, its high romanticism echoing
the work of the great Romantic composers of the midnineteenth
century yet at the same time speaking - or
singing - in Regondi's own individual voice, ardent,
poetic, rhapsodic, and ideally suited to the voice of the
guitar. Chopin and Schumann never thought of writing
for the guitar, but Regondi speaks the same musical
language and we can understand it and enjoy it in
exactly the same way.
J. S. Bach (1685-1750)
Prelude, Fugue and Allegro BWV 998
As with Scarlatti, Bach's works are known to guitarists
through transcriptions. Nevertheless, some of his works
- the so-called 'lute suites', for instance - are so lute-like
in their musical essence and in their ability to be played
on the lute's modern fretted and plucked equivalent, the
guitar, that it is difficult to believe that Bach did not
write them directly for the lute. He possessed, however,
a 'Lautenwerk', which was a keyboard instrument of the
time that used the plucking mechanism of a harpsichord
but was strung with gut instead of wire. This gave a
sound remarkably like the lute's, and it appears to have
fascinated Bach, as well it might. It is more than likely
that these lute-like pieces were written for this
instrument: Bach was a master of both harpsichord and
organ, but any skill he may have had with the lute is as
yet undocumented. The three well-balanced movements
of the Prelude, Fugue and Allegro make it a perennial
favourite with guitarists.
Dionisio Aguado (1784-1849)
Andante and Rondo
The Spanish composer Dionisio Aguado and his Catalan
contemporary Fernando Sor could easily have become
rivals during their stay in Paris, but in fact they became
close friends and even shared the same house. Their
methods were different, both in playing and in
composition, Aguado playing with nails on his righthand
fingers, Sor preferring to play without. With their
different techniques, both players reached heights of
brilliance.
In composition, Sor, who had a life-long love for,
and understanding of the four-part harmony he had been
trained in at Montserrat, leaned towards the sonata form
of his classical predecessors; Aguado, like his
contemporary Nicoḷ Paganini, often adopted a binary
form, as in this Andante and Rondo, in which a slow
movement was followed by a quick one. Neither
Aguado nor Sor became complete Romantics, as the
much younger Regondi did, but both lived far enough
into the Romantic age to be influenced by it.
Regino Sainz de la Maza (1896-1981)
4 Danzas Cervantinas (after Gaspar Sanz):
Folias
Espanoleta
Marizapolos
Canarios
A leading guitarist, composer and teacher of his time,
Regino Sainz de la Maza has also earned a mark in
history by being the first performer of the most played
concerto ever, Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez.
Many of Sainz de la Maza's compositions are
flamenco-based, but another passion was the Baroque,
and the four Danzas Cervantinas constitute in effect a
homage to the great master of the Baroque guitar,
Gaspar Sanz (1640-1710). The dances transfer well from
the Baroque guitar to the modern classical guitar, once
the six single strings of the modern guitar can be
reconciled with the five double strings of the Baroque
instrument.
Sainz de la Maza's rescue work was done before the
Early Music movement got into its stride, and the
musical values of his time were unimpeded by questions
of authenticity.
Paco de Lucia (b.1947)
Fuente y Caudal (Tarantas)
No flamenco guitarist has achieved more prominence in
recent years than Paco de Lucia. A formidable
technique, a driving sense of rhythm and a genuine
creativity have set new standards in the world of
flamenco. With so powerful a model, it was inevitable
that other areas of the plucked string instrument should
take notice, and classical guitarists were quick to seize
on the possibilities.
Fuente y Caudal (Fountain and Flow) is the title of a
highly successful Paco de Lucia album from 1973. In
this deeply serious essay in the tarantas form, an
eloquent and tragic melody and densely convoluted
figuration demand a technique of brilliance from the
guitarist while offering the listener a true flamenco
experience. It should not be confused, but often is, with
the tarantos, a dance that shares a similar name and the
same harmonic progressions but nothing else.
Francisco Tarrega (1852-1909)
Recuerdos de la Alhambra
Lagrima
Tarrega was undoubtedly the dominant guitar figure of
the late nineteenth century, not only a celebrated
recitalist but also a teacher responsible for many
innovations, such as the Torres guitar (larger than
hitherto), posture and sitting position (though his
famous footstool is now being challenged by numerous
alternatives), finger action and much more. These,
perhaps more than his highly romantic compositions,
opened the door for the great masters of the twentieth
century who followed.
As a composer, Tarrega was deeply influenced by
Schumann and, particularly, Chopin, but also had a
fondness for arranging piano pieces by his
contemporaries Albeniz and Granados, to the known
satisfaction of Albeniz for one.
Recuerdos de la Alhambra must be the most
frequently played piece ever written for the solo guitar.
Every student attempts it, but it remains surprisingly
difficult to bring off successfully. Even seasoned
professionals cannot be sure that their tremolo will be in
peak condition on the day they want it to be: the slightest
irregularity in a fingernail can throw the whole thing out.
It should be noted that Tarrega, who (like Sor) played
without nails, did not have this problem.
Lagrima is one of the many charming little melodies
that Tarrega wrote with so little apparent effort. They do
not explore emotions very deeply, but they are well
fitted to the instrument's abilities, they provide the
student with one or more specific technical problems to
overcome, and they can be very pleasant to listen to. It is
impossible to imagine them being played on any other
instrument.
Colin Cooper
Keyboard Sonata in A major, K.208/L.238/P.315: Adagio e cantabile (arr. for guitar) (more info)
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Keyboard Sonata in A major, K.208/L.238/P.315: Adagio e cantabile (arr. for guitar) - 4:00
Keyboard Sonata in A major, K.209/L.428/P.209: Allegro (arr. for guitar) (more info)
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Keyboard Sonata in A major, K.209/L.428/P.209: Allegro (arr. for guitar) - 5:07
Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K.32/L.423/P.14: Aria (arr. for guitar) (more info)
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Keyboard Sonata in D minor, K.32/L.423/P.14: Aria (arr. for guitar) - 2:34
Keyboard Sonata in B minor, K.27/L.449/P.83: Allegro (arr. for guitar) (more info)
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Keyboard Sonata in B minor, K.27/L.449/P.83: Allegro (arr. for guitar) - 4:30
Introduction et Caprice, Op. 23 (more info)
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Introduction et Caprice, Op. 23 - 10:32
Prelude, Fugue and Allegro in E flat major, BWV 998 (arr. for guitar) (more info)
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Prelude - 3:06
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Fugue - 6:17
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Allegro - 3:03
Andante and Rondo No. 3 (more info)
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Andante and Rondo No. 3 - 9:39
Danzas Cervantinas (after Gaspar Sanz) (more info)
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I. Folias - 1:55
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II. Espanoleta - 2:58
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III. Marizapalos - 1:16
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IV. Canarios - 1:22
Fuente y Caudal (Fountain and Flow) (more info)
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Fuente y Caudal (Fountain and Flow) - 5:54
Recuerdos de la Alhambra (more info)
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Recuerdos de la Alhambra - 3:44
Lagrima (more info)
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Lagrima - 2:21