Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791): The Magic Flute The word 'opera' is Latin and means 'the works'; it represents a synthesis of all the other arts:...
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791): The
Magic Flute
The word 'opera' is
Latin and means 'the works'; it represents a synthesis of all the other arts:
drama, vocal and orchestral music, dance, light and design. Consequently, it
delivers an emotional impact which none of the others can match. The only one
of the arts whose origins can be precisely dated, it was 'invented' in Italy in
1597 as part of the Renaissance - the rebirth of interest in classical values.
As an art form it is truly international, crossing all linguistic and cultural
barriers, and it is probably the only one whose audience continues to expand,
not in spite of, but because of developments in entertainment technology.
From its early
origins in Italy opera spread across Europe, establishing individual and
distinctive schools in a number of countries. France had an early and
long-standing love affair with it - hence the term grand opera, referring to the massive five-act creations
that graced the Paris Opera in the nineteenth century. Germany had an excellent
school from as early as Mozart's time, and opera perhaps reached its highest
achievement with the mighty music dramas of Richard Wagner. Russia, Great
Britain, and the Americas have also made their contributions.
But in the popular
imagination opera remains an Italian concept - and no wonder. From its earliest
years Italians dominated the art: Cavalli and Monteverdi were among the first
to establish its forms; there was a golden age, called the bel canto, at the beginning of the
nineteenth century when Bellini, Donizetti, and Rossini ruled supreme; Giuseppe
Verdi was probably the most revered artist in history; and, for many, Puccini
represents in every sense the last word in this beloved genre.
Although the
twentieth century has not been as lavishly endowed with opera composers, it can
still boast a few, including Richard Strauss, Igor Stravinsky, and Benjamin
Brit ten - and, maybe most significantly in the long run, those errant
step-children of opera, the Broadway musical and the Lloyd Webber spectacular.
The Magic Flute
Somebody once said
that 'all art aspires to the condition of music', to which we might add, 'and
all music aspires to the condition of Mozart'. The child-wonder, the
'guttersnipe who was the voice of God', intrigued and enchanted scholars and
laymen years before Peter Schaffer's play Amadeus
and its subsequent Oscar-winning screen version made Mozart an even
more familiar icon.
He was the child
prodigy, prodded, coaxed, and exploited by his father Leopold to demonstrate
his abnormal talent throughout the courts of pre-revolutionary Europe. He
composed forty-one symphonies, twenty-seven piano concertos, and a massive body
of chamber music. He was perhaps the only figure in all the history of music
that was equally at home in the concert hall, in the chamber-music salon, in
the sacred surroundings of the great cathedrals, and in the theatre.
Indeed you could
argue that one of the problems of opera is that with The Marriage of Figaro, Cost fan tutte, Don Giovanni, and The Magic Flute it attained a peak - and
never got any better! Different, but no better.
The gruesome,
chocolate-box image of little Mozart staring like a prepubescent Liberace from
his harpsichord, though a mainstay of the Austrian tourist industry, has now been
exploded. We can now think of him as a sensual, intensely human figure, endowed
with an awesome mixture of carnal and cerebral qualities. And nowhere does this
intriguing combination find better expression than in his last undisputed
masterpiece The Magic Flute. <This
is probably the most remarkable musical work ever written for the stage.
Its genesis lies
with a comedian/actor/manager called Schikaneder, who operated a low music hall
in the suburbs of Vienna in the 1790s. He cobbled together, from a variety of
fables and fairy tales, this story of the young Prince Tamino and his pursuit
of the pure Pamina. The quest, conducted against the background of a spiritual
war between the glittering Queen of the Night and the dull but noble Sarastro,
is enlivened by a wonderful galaxy of characters: the very human bird-man
Papageno, the wicked, lustful Monostatos, and assorted magic ladies and piping
boys.
What is so
intriguing - and no doubt assures The Magic
Flute's place as the National Opera of the German-Speaking Peoples
-is that the work appeals at every intellectual level. For the child introduced
to opera for the first time it is the greatest of all pantomimes. For the
sensualist it contains music of ravishing beauty. For the moralist it confirms
a belief in the inevitable triumph of light over dark.
And for the true
opera lover it is maybe none, or maybe all, of these things. It is simply one
of the most sublime and life-enhancing works ever written, and the final and
supreme testament of the boy-wonder, the mature genius, the randy tyke, who,
when he put pen to manuscript paper, poured out music of such spiritual depth
and beauty that you can weep just to think of it. To know The Magic Flute is to learn that maybe
there is something beyond this mortal coil.
Thomson Smillie
Thomson Smillie
began his career in the early days of Scottish Opera and has been artistic
director of the Wexford International Festival, general manager of the Opera
Company of Boston, and general director of Kentucky Opera. He now makes a
career as a writer, speech-writer, and public speaker. He has a strong belief
that people mature into a love of opera and travels the world encouraging a
love of the art form. His other passions are travel, languages, and
friendships. He has written several other titles in the Naxos 'Opera Explained'
series.
David Timson
studied acting and singing at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He has
performed in modern and classic plays through the UK and abroad, including Wild Honey for Alan Ayckbourn, Hamlet, The Man of Mode, and The Seagull. Among his many television
appearances have been roles in Nelson 's
Column and Swallows and Amazons. For
Naxos AudioBooks he has recorded, to date, three volumes of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and
directed Twelfth Night as well as
playing Feste. On Naxos, he takes the part of the Narrator in Stravinsky's The Soldier's Tale.