GERSHON KINGSLEY: Four Works GERSHON KINGSLEY (b. 1922) Voices From The Shadow (1997) Jazz Psalms (1966) Shabbat For Today (excerpts) (1968) Shiru Ladonai -...
GERSHON KINGSLEY: Four Works
GERSHON
KINGSLEY (b. 1922)
Voices From The Shadow (1997)
Jazz Psalms (1966)
Shabbat For Today (excerpts)
(1968)
Shiru Ladonai - Sing To God
(excerpts) (1970)
Gershon
Kingsley has focused on both secular and religious works, most of them theatrically
oriented. Equally at home in the classical and more popular realms, he has
been a succes experiences ranged from playing the organ at a Reform synagogue;
directing music for the Joffrey Ballet, Josephine Baker and several Broadway
shows; and accompanying Jan Peerce on international tours; to spending a summer
at the Brandeis Arts Institute, where he was influenced by the charismatic composer
and conductor Max Helfman. This varied background, together with the relaxation
of traditional formal boundaries and the ascendancy of the youth-oriented popular
culture in the late 1960s, prompted Kingsley to explore ways to expand the boundaries
of traditional synagogue music by infusing them with popular elements. He became
particularly interested in the use of synthesized electronic sounds in liturgical
contexts, acquired one of the earliest Moog synthesizers and, in 1970, founded
the First Moog Quartet, which gave the first-ever live electronic music concert
at Carnegie Hall.
The
first work on this Milken Archive CD, Voices From The Shadow, is
a compelling musical-theater piece for solo voices and chamber ensemble of
strings, piano and clarinet that features settings of poems written by inmates
in the concentration camps, and afterwards by survivors. Sung in six languages--German, Yiddish,
French, English, Polish and Czech, these almost unbearably intense poems
include expressions of terror and loneliness, futility and desperation; tender
love songs; bittersweet recollections and lullabies; ironic, heartbreaking
songs for children; and finally, expressions of hope and liberation, all
underscored by Kingsley's sensitive musical responses to the poetry. Many
juxtapose the ongoing, unwavering course of nature with the totally unnatural
brutality of the camps, sometimes portrayed with frightening indifference.
This
work had its origins when Milken Archive Artistic Director Neil Levin asked the
composer to write a new work for performance at an international conference on
the musical culture of German Jewry, as well as for subsequent recording.
During its composition, Kingsley often became so overcome with emotion that he
nearly abandoned it. Writing about this work, he addressed the unavoidable
conflict engendered by attempts to express the experience of the Holocaust.
"Is it possible to write songs about Auschwitz," Kingsley asks, "or even more
important, is it permitted to do so?...One CANNOT write about Auschwitz. One
MUST write--write and write--about Auschwitz and the Holocaust. It seems that
when we are forced to walk that corridor between Life and Death, sources of
creativity become readily available, and Life is compelled to express itself."
The
composer's 1966 work Jazz Psalms, scored for soprano,
small choir and jazz quintet, testifies to his long connection with that idiom,
and exhibits an inventive synthesis of syncopated jazz rhythms with Jewish
modal motifs. The term psalms is used in this work in its wider generic sense
of "sacred song," since these texts are prayers from the Hebrew Sabbath
liturgy, not the biblical Book of Psalms.
Shabbat
For Today, a Sabbath evening service, stems from that period of the
American Jewish experience when progressive voices in the Reform movement
sought new and often experimental approaches to worship, in part to relate to
elements of the younger generation who had become disaffected with established
synagogue ritual. Influences ranged from rock and folk-rock idioms to the new
electronically synthesized music, and some of the results upset even the most
forward-looking synagogue cantors and musicians. The legitimate quest for new
means of expression, however, led to some notable works, of which Kingsley's Shabbat
for Today is one. Originally performed by a cantor and an all-black choir,
with electric guitar, double bass, rhythm section and organ, it utilized a Moog
synthesizer only as background to the spoken sections. Soon afterwards,
however, the Moog replaced the live ensemble, and that is the version heard on
this CD, with actor Harry Goz reciting the rabbi's introductions to and
translations of the prayers. Originally considered controversial by many
traditionally-minded rabbis and cantors, the work, with its blend of lyricism
and energy, has gained acceptance over the years, and has been performed more
than 150 times in synagogues and on television.
Shiru
Ladonai (Sing to God) is a unified kabbalat shabbat (Sabbath
welcoming) and Sabbath evening service that was commissioned in 1970 by Cantor
David Putterman of New York's Park Avenue Synagogue as part of its celebrated
annual program to encourage the writing of new liturgical music. In this work,
Kingsley set out to juxtapose traditional melodic motifs with the coloristic
possibilities of synthesized sound. The work was composed expressly for the
Moog synthesizer with cantor and choir, and embodies the composer's love of the
liturgical poetry. Its premiere marked the first use of the Moog for an entire
service in any synagogue. In the program booklet, the composer remarked: "I
don't consider it a 'jazz' or 'rock' service at all. I think it's very
traditional, except that all of the accompaniment is played from synthesizers."
In
assessing Kingsley's approach to the liturgy, Neil Levin points out: "On both
musical and liturgical planes, appreciation of a work such as Shabbat for
Today--or, for that matter, of Kingsley's other liturgical works on this
recording--does not require discarding classical western Hebrew choral settings,
traditional eastern European cantorial styles...or any other constituent elements
of an aggregate Jewish liturgical repertoire. The validity of this work is
earned by its musical merit, and it is doubtful that its composer, as an artist,
sought to replace anything. To the contrary, it is but one more serious
individual expression that further enriches a living, expanding heritage."
Among
Kingsley's other sacred and quasi-sacred works are They Never Had a Chance
to Live, a Holocaust-related dramatic musical presentation, The Fifth
Cup, a staged Passover Seder that has been broadcast nationally; and The
Letter to the Russian Pharaohs, an interpretation of a Sabbath eve service
from modern Israeli-Hassidic perspectives. His popular choral anthem, Shepherd
Me, Lord generated nearly two million sheet music sales to southern Baptist
congregational choirs, who were attracted to its gospel style. In March 2004,
he completed an opera based on the life of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who
saved thousands of Jewish lives during the Holocaust.