Giles Farnaby: Fantasias and Canzonets
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Giles Farnaby (1562-1640) Complete Fantasias for Harpsichord Giles Farnaby was born in London in 1562, the son of a member of the joiner's guild, which also...
Giles Farnaby (1562-1640)
Complete Fantasias for Harpsichord
Giles Farnaby was born in London in 1562, the son of a
member of the joiner's guild, which also later accepted
Giles into its ranks. Guild membership tended to stay in
families as a valued privilege. There was a harpsichordmaker
cousin, and perhaps Farnaby was as closely tied
to instrument building as many pre-nineteenth-century
masters were. If the quality of his music be not enough
to dispel the suggestion that Farnaby was an amateur
composer, the remaining facts of his sketchy biography
ought to be. In 1592 he was referred to in print as an
"expert" contributor to a collection of psalms, and
graduated as Bachelor of Music at Oxford, at that time a
seven-year study which required a command of Latin.
(John Bull, clearly a great influence on Farnaby, was on
the faculty and was granted his doctorate the same year.)
The likeliest place for Farnaby to have learned Latin
would have been at one of London's choir schools,
which afforded excellent opportunities for talented
boys. Six years later Farnaby had his book of English
madrigals printed, with a dedication that places him
close to the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and with
congratulatory poems from some of the greatest
composers of the day. Farnaby left London not long
after this early triumph, and spent some years in rural
Lincolnshire where he was a churchwarden at
Aisthorpe, and taught the children of a member of the
landed gentry. A document of this time refers to him as
a "gentleman". The family returned to London and an
uncertain fate around 1610. He died in 1640, apparently
in poverty, but the burial record calls him a "musitian".
The only significant facts recorded from Farnaby's
later life are the composition of a psalter dedicated to
the prebend of St Paul's, and the inclusion of 52 of his
53 harpsichord works in a large manuscript collection
compiled in the 1620s. Its general opulence surely
contributed to its survival, and was such that it was long
thought to have been the property of Queen Elizabeth
herself. This myth was replaced in the nineteenth
century by another, suggesting that it was copied by the
recusant Francis Tregian, imprisoned in the Fleet prison
from about 1609 until his death in 1619. The recent
researches of Ruby Reid Thompson seem to indicate
that it was the work of a group of professional scribes,
using paper of such rare quality as is only otherwise
found in the vicinity of the royal establishments, and
was used for presentation drawings by Inigo Jones. This
Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, thus named after the
collector who donated it to the museum he founded in
Cambridge, seems to have been intended as a gift for a
person of very high rank who desired a large collection
of the best English keyboard music. There is some
reason to think it may have returned to England after a
period in Holland, in which case a possible recipient
might have been the music-loving daughter of James I,
Elizabeth, the "Winter Queen" of Bohemia, who lived
in exile in The Hague for decades.
Farnaby's works comprise no less than one-sixth of
the contents of the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book, an
immense anthology of one of the greatest schools of
keyboard composition, the English virginalists, named
after the rather odd Renaissance English term for the
harpsichord. These pieces firmly establish Farnaby in
the company of Byrd, Bull, Gibbons and Tomkins, and
their proud place here in their sole significant source
tells us a great deal about the esteem in which the
composer was held in the highest circles. It is regrettable
that the sparse historical record makes it impossible to
provide a further context for them.
From its origins in the sixteenth century the term
Fantasia indicated a sober piece of thematic
development in strict polyphony with no text and no
fixed melody or cantus firmus. The virginalists, too,
begin their fantasias by developing one or more themes
through the voices, but add to their contrapuntal
working a final toccata, a closing section of idiomatic
keyboard pyrotechnics and polyrhythms, which
corresponds with the later idea of a fantasia. A last
vestige of this arrangement can be found in the sonatas
of Domenico Scarlatti, which almost always begin with
a brief imitative section, a sort of bow to the old style of
learned composition, before descending into playful
anarchy.
There is another category of fantasia altogether,
represented by three of Farnaby's works recorded here.
They might better be called part-song arrangements, or
ornamented intabulations of polyphonic vocal works.
Two of the originals remain unidentified, the other is
one of Farnaby's madrigals, which he called
"canzonets". The four intertwining vocal melodies are
freely altered in favour of lush passage-work which
takes on a life of its own.
Glen Wilson
Fantasia (6 / 320) (more info)
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Fantasia (6 / 320) - 3:36
Fantasia (8 / 323) (more info)
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Fantasia (8 / 323) - 7:28
Fantasia (5 / 82) (more info)
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Fantasia (5 / 82) - 5:20
Part-song (7 / 333) (arr. G. Farnaby) (more info)
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Part-song (arr. G. Farnaby - 7 / 333) - 3:55
Fantasia (4 / 489) (more info)
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Fantasia (4 / 489) - 4:30
Fantasia (12 / 343) (more info)
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Fantasia (12 / 343) - 4:31
Construe my meaning (arr. G. Wilson) (more info)
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Construe my meaning (arr. G. Wilson) - 3:30
Fantasia (13 / 347) (more info)
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Fantasia (13 / 347) - 3:12
Part-song (3 / 340) (arr. G. Farnaby) (more info)
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Part-song (3 / 340) (arr. G. Farnaby) - 4:14
Fantasia (10 / 313) (more info)
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Fantasia (10 / 313) - 4:08
Ay me, poor heart (arr. G. Wilson) (more info)
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Ay me, poor heart (arr. G. Wilson) - 2:39
Witness, ye heavens (arr. G. Wilson) (more info)
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Witness, ye heavens (arr. G. Wilson) - 2:43
Fantasia (9 / 270) (more info)
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Fantasia (9 / 270) - 4:02
Loth to Depart (more info)
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Loth to Depart - 4:41